Laks, André

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Preferred name

Laks, André

ORCID

0000-0001-5812-1831

Researcher ID

FGO-2748-2022

Scopus Author ID

57204537868

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Schleiermacher on Plato: From Form (Introduction to Plato’s Works) to Content (Outlines of a Critique of Previous Ethical Theory)
(Brill, 2019)
Plato was a major point of reference and important intellectual tool for numerous post-Kantian thinkers struggling to overcome Kant’s transcendental ideal ism, with its unwelcome division between the unknowable “thing in itself” and what the object is “for us” under the conditions of experience. Yet nowhere—not in Schlegel, Schelling, Humboldt, or Hegel—does Plato occupy a more central, stable, or elaborate place than in the work of Friedrich Schleiermacher.Interpreters have often spoken of Schleiermacher’s “Platonism”. While the exact implications of this general label need to be specified, it does capture the fact that Schleiermacher’s references to Plato throughout his philosophical works are numerous and usually very positive—indeed, always, when the first principles of philosophy are at stake. This is especially the case in his Discourses on Religion; his lectures on Dialectic, on Ethics, and Aesthetics; in various lectures given at the Berlin Academy; and most densely in the work I shall examine here in some detail, the Outlines of a Critique of Previous Ethical Theory (Grundlinien einer Kritik bisherigen Sittenlehre). ©The autor ©Brill
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Plato’s Second Republic: AN ESSAY ON THE LAWS
(2022-01-01)
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An Encounter in Lille: Epicurus’ Language as a Hermeneutical Problem
(De Gruyter, 2020)
In the spring of 1972, Diskin Clay was invited to Lille by Jean Bollack, who had just returned from his stay at the Institute for Advanced Studies at Princeton, to join for a term the Centre de Recherche Philologique, a small team made up of some colleagues and a few post-graduate and doctoral students who had just received the official support of the Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), which meant national recognition and some additional funding. This beginning was largely symbolic. One room looking onto the yard of a company that had been shut down, 10 minutes away from the main building of the Uni-versity of Lille (at that time located in the town center), almost no books, and those that did exist bought in second hand bookshops. These were heroic times. The whole enterprise relied on the incredible energy of Jean Bollack and the help he received, officially, from Philippe Rousseau, at that time Assistant Professor of Greek, unofficially from Heinz Wismann, then lecturer at the Sorbonne for philosophical German, and from a bunch of enthusiastic and dedicated graduate and doctoral students, of whom I was one. Most of us politically were rather far to the left, in the wake of 1968, but our utopia was of a scholarly and intellec-tual nature, inspired by Bollack’s teaching, personality, and deeds. ©The author. ©De Gruyter.
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Around a hinge (Parmenides B8.50-61 DK = D8.55-66LM). A posthumous discussion with Jean Bollack
(2024-07-01)
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Diogenes Laertius’ Life of Pythagoras
(2014)
We know very little about Diogenes Laertius as a person. One recent hypothesis is that his surname refers to his birthplace (the city of Laerte in Caria or Cilicia), but other interpreters prefer to think – on the basis of a controversial indication in his text – that he was born (and lived) in Nicaea in Bithynia; it is also generally admitted on the basis of the scanty and mostly negative internal evidence that he lived and worked at the beginning of the third century AD: the last philosophers he mentions are Sextus Empiricus (active c. 190 AD) and his disciple Saturninus, and the most recent source he refers to is Favorinus of Arelate. This approximate date helps us appreciate the chapter he devotes to Pythagoras at the beginning of Book 8 of his Lives (as I shall abbreviate the work known as Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers), for it allows us to relate Diogenes’ treatment of Pythagoras to two philosophical movements deeply indebted to Pythagoreanism, i.e. Neopythagoreanism and Neoplatonism.
Scopus© Citations 9 14 2
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The Concept of Presocratic Philosophy: Its Origin, Development, and Significance
(Princeton University Press, 2018)
When we talk about Presocratic philosophy, we are speaking about the origins of Greek philosophy and Western rationality itself. But what exactly does it mean to talk about “Presocratic philosophy” in the first place? How did early Greek thinkers come to be considered collectively as Presocratic philosophers? In this brief book, André Laks provides a history of the influential idea of Presocratic philosophy, tracing its historical and philosophical significance and consequences, from its ancient antecedents to its full crystallization in the modern period and its continuing effects today. Laks examines ancient Greek and Roman views about the birth of philosophy before turning to the eighteenth-century emergence of the term “Presocratics” and the debates about it that spanned the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. He analyzes the intellectual circumstances that led to the idea of Presocratic philosophy—and what was and is at stake in the construction of the notion. The book closes by comparing two models of the history of philosophy—the phenomenological, represented by Hans-Georg Gadamer, and the rationalist, represented by Ernst Cassirer—and their implications for Presocratic philosophy, as well as other categories of philosophical history. Other figures discussed include Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, Diogenes Laertius, Schleiermacher, Hegel, Nietzsche, Max Weber, and J.-P. Vernant. Challenging standard histories of Presocratic philosophy, the book calls for a reconsideration of the conventional story of early Greek philosophy and Western rationality. ©The autor © Princeton University Press.
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What Is Pre-Socratic Ethics?
(2017)
The field of ancient Greek ethics is increasingly emerging as a major branch of philosophical enquiry, and students and scholars of ancient philosophy will find this Companion to be a rich and invaluable guide to the themes and movements which characterised the discipline from the Pre-Socratics to the Neo-Platonists. Several chapters are dedicated to the central figures of Plato and Aristotle, and others explore the ethical thought of the Stoics, the Epicureans, the Skeptics, and Plotinus. Further chapters examine important themes that cut across these schools, including virtue and happiness, friendship, elitism, impartiality, and the relationship between ancient eudaimonism and modern morality. Written by leading scholars and drawing on cutting-edge research to illuminate the questions of ancient ethics, the book will provide students and specialists with an indispensable critical overview of the full range of ancient Greek ethics. ©2017 Cambridge University Press.
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Historiographies de la philosophie ancienne. Neuf études
(Les Belles-Lettres, 2021)
Les études réunies dans ce livre reprennent des travaux publiés de manière dispersée entre 1989 et 2014. Elles considèrent neuf moments significatifs de la réception philosophique de la philosophie et des philosophes antiques du XVIIIe au XXe siècle. Anaximandre, Héraclite, Parménide, Platon, les Cyniques, mais aussi les traditions doxographiques qui ont modelé leurs images, sont pris dans l?espace complexe où la philosophie et ses historiens croisent tant les théories de l?histoire que les pratiques philologiques. L?unité du propos est assurée non seulement par une trame chronologique, allant de Brucker à Kant, de Kant à Schleiermacher et aux Néokantiens, de Burckhardt à Nietzsche, de Nietzsche à Heidegger et Gadamer, et de la philosophie elle-même à la psychologie historique de Vernant, mais aussi par l?attention qui est portée, dans chaque cas, aux tensions et équilibres intellectuels et disciplinaires mis en jeu. La question générale est celle des critères et de la légitimité des actualisations qui guident la recherche historique. L?ensemble constitue ainsi, à partir d?un domaine spécialisé, une contribution à un domaine de recherche, l?historiographie de la philosophie, dont un critique pouvait encore dire en 1991 qu?' il n?y a guère de discipline dont la procédure est historique où l?investissement exigé en matière de théorie et de méthodologie soit plus réduit ', mais qui a connu au cours de ces dernières années d?importants développements. On peut penser que la voie est désormais ouverte à une discussion interdisciplinaire et interculturelle de grande ampleur et portée. ©The author. ©Les Belles-Lettres.
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Destructible worlds in an aristotelian scholion (Alexander of Aphrodisias' lost commentary on Aristotle's Physics, frag. 539 rashed)
(2018)
Does Anaxagoras admit that the world is destructible? Aëtius' doxographical handbook says as much, and so does a doxographical scholion derived from Alexander of Aphrodisias' lost commentary on Aristotle's Physics (Frag. 539 Rashed) according to the transmitted text. However, because of other difficulties occurring in the same scholion, Rashed was led to correct not only this text, thus making it contradict Aëtius' testimony, but also the entry dedicated to Plato. My article suggests that while Rashed's corrections are superfluous, the problems that triggered them are of great interest for the history of the doxographical tradition, for the way in which this tradition was used by Alexander of Aphrodisias and Simplicius in their commentaries on Aristotle's Physics and, last but not least, for the understanding of the difficulties that ancient interpreters had to confront when they had to make sense of the lines now known as Anaxagoras B12 DK - difficulties that modern interpreters have still to confront. © 2018 Edizioni Di Filosofia E Scienze Bibliopolis. All rights reserved.
Scopus© Citations 2 37 2
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Aristotle’s Immovable Movers: A Sketch
(2015)
In keeping with a view that is explicitly formulated by Aristotle in his Motion of Animals, general kinetic principles must be specified according to the different types of movable entities existing in the universe. At issue, essentially, are the motions of the stars and the motions of animals. Whereas the cosmological immovable mover is the object of two complementary analyses (in Bk. VIII of Physics and in Chs. 6 and 7 of Bk. XII of Metaphysics), information on the immovability of the first mover responsible for animal motion is to be found in the psychological and psycho-physiological treatises (On the Soul, in Bk. I, Chs. 3 and 4, and in Bk. III, Ch. 10 and in Ch. 6 of the Motion of Animals). But it is also found in Ch. 7, Bk. XII of the Metaphysics, in the very context of the argument concerning the absolutely first immovable mover of the world. This suggests that the two types of motion, that of the stars and that of animals, however distinct the arguments about them are, rest on a single scheme, and maybe even on a common principle. This is liable to surprise us, as much as stars and animals appear to us to belong to heterogeneous orders of reality. But the situation is different for Aristotle, who, as attentive as he is to differences, tends nonetheless to conceive the stars as living things of a particular kind. This fact is the source of a series of difficulties that Aristotle generously left for his many commentators to solve. Aim of this text, which was initially directed to a larger audience, is to set some of these complex issues in both simple and up to date terms.
Scopus© Citations 2 28 1

Laks, André

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