Tovar-García, Edgar Demetrio
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Preferred name
Tovar-García, Edgar Demetrio
Alternative Name
dtovar
Main Affiliation
ORCID
Scopus Author ID
55412202000
Researcher ID
G-7890-2015

Research Output
Now showing 1 - 10 of 28
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Religiosity and Wage Earnings in Post-Soviet Russia

2020 , Tovar-García, Edgar Demetrio

Abstract This article empirically studies the relationship between religiosity, to be a believer or not and to what extent, and wage earnings in post-Soviet Russia. Mincer equations are estimated adding religious affiliation and religiosity as explanatory variables and using dynamic specifications, controlling for endogeneity and time-invariant independent variables. The empirical strategy includes working age individuals (eighteen to sixty) and uses longitudinal data (2000–2017). The results suggest that male believers suffer a wage penalty, about 7%. Moreover, on average, Muslims obtain lower earnings than do individuals from other religious affiliations, roughly 21% less income; for female Muslims this figure is even higher, about 38%. Nonetheless, analysing younger individuals (eighteen to forty-two), the findings are slightly different. In this case, female believers suffer a wage penalty, about 5%. The findings are robust under different specifications, controlling for education, work experience, civil status, migration background, ethnicity, city size, occupation, and macroeconomic conditions.

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Market discipline in the Central American banking system

2017 , Tovar-García, Edgar Demetrio

The hypothesis of market discipline is empirically verified in the Central American banking system. A contrast is carried out on whether the riskier banks (the ones with the worst banking fundamentals) pay higher interest rates and receive smaller amounts in deposits. The generalized method of moments is used for dynamic panel data models (the SYS GMM estimator), as well as a sample of 30 banks from six Central American countries during the 2008–2012 period. Unlike the majority of the previous empirical literature, specifically for developed countries, no evidence of market discipline was found in Central America. The results are robust for several indicators of the banking fundamentals for purposes of internal demand of bank capital, and for other econometric models. These findings indicate weaknesses in the bank policy regarding the disclosure of information. © 2017 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Contaduría y Administración

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Bilingual schooling and wage income: the case of Tatarstan in Russia

2020 , Tovar-García, Edgar Demetrio

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The Association between Sport Activities and Educational Achievements: Evidence from Russian Longitudinal Data

2018 , Tovar-García, Edgar Demetrio

This paper empirically studies the association between sport activities and educational achievements of school students from 1st to 11th grade. The used sample included observations over the period 2010-2015 taken from the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (waves 19-24), which is a unique nationally representative survey. The method consisted of logit regressions with panel data, which allows control for time-invariant explanatory variables. The empirical analysis was divided into sport activities at school (in class) and out-of-school (before or after classes). Furthermore, the regression analysis examined the effect of three large groups of sport activities: 1) Combat sports, such as karate, judo, self-defense, wrestling, and boxing, 2) Ball sports, such as tennis, soccer, basketball, and volleyball, 3) Athletic sports, such as track and field, skiing, and skating. General speaking, the findings indicated that sport activities at school do not have significant associations with educational achievements. On the other hand, sport activities out-of-school showed some positive relationships. Specifically, participation in athletic and combat sports increases the probabilities of boys and girls, respectively, of being classified as high-performing students. Moreover, male students practicing ball sports out-of-school are less likely to be classified as low-performing students. The time that students spent on these sports does not influence these probabilities. However, male students spending more than 10 hours per week on sports (high-performance sportsmen) are more likely than other students of being linked to the group of low-performing students.

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Música binaural y logro educativo: evidencia con datos longitudinales y cuasiexperimentales

2024 , Tovar-García, Edgar Demetrio

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Export and import composition as determinants of bilateral trade in goods: evidence from Russia

2019 , Tovar-García, Edgar Demetrio , Carlos A. Carrasco

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Religiosity and Entrepreneurship in Post-Soviet Russia

2022 , Tovar-García, Edgar Demetrio

This article empirically studies the associations between religion (Orthodox Christianity, Islam, and non-religion), religiosity (to be a believer or not, and to what extent), religious participation (attending divine services, meetings or other religious events) and the probabilities of being an entrepreneur in post-Soviet Russia. Using logistic regressions and data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, the findings suggest lower likelihoods of being an entrepreneur in the case of Orthodox Christians, religiosity shows mixed results, and religious participation presents positive links (increasing the probabilities of becoming an entrepreneur). Nevertheless, the negative association between Orthodoxy and entrepreneurship lacks statistical significance in several specifications. Indeed, only religious participation shows robust results, particularly for men. Note that religious participation is linked to social capital, namely, networking, facilitating resources for entrepreneurship. Therefore, in Russia, the religion-entrepreneurship nexus is associated with participation, and not precisely with religious affiliations or beliefs.

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Economic Growth's Impact on Water Use and Pollution in Mexican Regions

2024 , Triga Alicia Dávila-Sandoval , Navarro Guerrero, Rodrigo , Tovar-García, Edgar Demetrio

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Determinants of Public Debt Dynamics in Transition and Post-Transition Economies

2024 , Carlos A. Carrasco , Tovar-García, Edgar Demetrio

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A note on institutional trust and poverty: evidence from Latin America

2023 , Tovar-García, Edgar Demetrio

This short paper argues that institutional trust should be considered as an additional factor influencing poverty at the macroeconomic level. By examining a sample of Latin American countries and analyzing annual data from 1995 to 2019 using panel data techniques such as cointegration analysis and panel fully modified least squares, this study estimates the long-term relationships between poverty, economic growth, inequality, and institutional trust. As hypothesized, the empirical evidence suggests that institutional trust also reduces poverty. These findings hold particular significance for Latin America, where inequality levels are relatively high, institutional trust is low, and poverty rates have only recently begun to decline. Therefore, to alleviate poverty, it is crucial to implement public policies that restore and enhance institutional trust.

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