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    Metaheuristic Strategy in Automatic Robotics Navigation for Patient Care in Hospitals
    (Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025)
    Monroy-Rueda, Irvine J.
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    ; ;
    This chapter presents a novel approach for developing a global automatic navigation strategy for a mobile robot for patient care into health centers and hospitals. The proposal uses a metaheuristic strategy through the Grey Wolf Optimizer algorithm to find the shortest route between the robot’s starting and patient destination points, while also integrating knowledge of the environment acquired through vision. The global navigation tracking is achieved through the use of Fuzzy Logic Rules to control the robot’s wheel velocity according to its current position and orientation. The proposed strategy was implemented in a virtual robotics environment demonstrating that the approach successfully generated optimal paths for various environments with a minimal number of control points and in a relatively short amount of time. In addition, a simulated hospital room with common furniture and tasks was used to evaluate the performance of the global navigation strategy, demonstrating that the robot could successfully generate a global route and navigate within this environment. ©The authors ©Springer.
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    Design of an Underwater Mechatronics System for Detecting Dissolved Solids in Water
    (IEEE, 2024)
    Estudillo, Eduardo
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    Bautista, Luis
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    Cardenas, Gerardo
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    Mendoza, Aura
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    Perez, Francisco
    Marine pollution has been one of the most important problems we need to address in modern days, as it can cause an imbalance in the marine life of a body of water. This work presents a proof-of-concept of an underwater unmanned autonomous vehicle for detecting dissolved solids. The system was designed based on the mechatronics engineering model, so that it can move around a body water while measures the solid particles in water. The preliminary results are promising, and we anticipate the use of this low-cost system to help measuring water pollution in near city body waters. ©The authors ©IEEE.
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    Preface : Machine Learning Methods in Biomedical Field Computer-Aided Diagnostics, Healthcare and Biology Applications
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2026) ; ; ;
    Gomez-Coronel, Sandra L.
    ;
    Renza Torres, Diego
    This book presents a multidisciplinary collection of machine learning approaches applied to the biomedical field, with a focus on computer-aided diagnostic systems, healthcare support tools, biological applications, and sustainable development in health. Computer-aided diagnostic systems leverage machine learning methods to support medical diagnosis, while healthcare support tools, biological applications, and sustainability-oriented studies aim to improve patients’ quality of life, propose innovative solutions to biological challenges, and incorporate sustainability into healthcare processes. The contributions in this book offer readers a holistic view of new methods used to address current biomedical challenges in medicine, biology, and health sciences. By applying artificial intelligence algorithms, mathematical theories, and emergent systems, these works demonstrate how such approaches can improve specific problems or propose innovative solutions. This book is valuable for readers interested in recent advances in machine learning for diagnostic systems, healthcare applications, biological research, and sustainability-related issues. ©The authors ©Springer.
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    Orthosis Control Based on Electromyographic Signals and Machine Learning
    (Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025)
    Escobedo-Gordillo, Andrés
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    Díaz, Fernando
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    Villa, Jesús
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    Sepúlveda, Miguel
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    García-Casas, Sebastián
    The human hand is indispensable for daily activities, and those who suffer from dysfunction due to strokes or accidents often require therapy to improve their condition. This study has developed a hand orthosis that uses surface Electromyographic (sEMG) signals and machine learning to address therapeutic needs and improve the quality of life for individuals with reduced motor skills in their hands and/or wrists. While current orthoses meet therapy requirements, they do not incorporate machine learning (ML) or sEMG sensors to optimize performance and accessibility. This chapter describes a remote-controlled, electro-mechanical orthosis that can replicate six basic movements of the human hand using three sEMG channels and ML. Our dataset of 14,400 samples, each labeled with a hand gesture, was generated by eight participants. The orthosis is comfortable and customizable for different users, as shown in prototype testing. The convolutional neural network (CNN) used achieves an accuracy of 90.38% with an inference time of 1.515 ms. Therefore, this orthosis system has significant potential for further development and practical application in patients who require such intervention. ©The authors ©Springer.
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    Non-Contact Oxygen Saturation Estimation Using Deep Learning Ensemble Models and Bayesian Optimization
    (MDPI AG, 2025)
    Escobedo Gordillo, Andrés Emiliano
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    ;
    Monitoring Peripheral Oxygen Saturation (SpO2) is an important vital sign both in Intensive Care Units (ICUs), during surgery and convalescence, and as part of remote medical consultations after of the COVID-19 pandemic. This has made the development of new SpO2-measurement tools an area of active research and opportunity. In this paper, we present a new Deep Learning (DL) combined strategy to estimate SpO2 without contact, using pre-magnified facial videos to reveal subtle color changes related to blood flow and with no calibration per subject required. We applied the Eulerian Video Magnification technique using the Hermite Transform (EVM-HT) as a feature detector to feed a Three-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (3D-CNN). Additionally, parameters and hyperparameter Bayesian optimization and an ensemble technique over the dataset magnified were applied. We tested the method on 18 healthy subjects, where facial videos of the subjects, including the automatic detection of the reference from a contact pulse oximeter device, were acquired. As performance metrics for the SpO2-estimation proposal, we calculated the Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and other parameters from the Bland–Altman (BA) analysis with respect to the reference. Therefore, a significant improvement was observed by adding the ensemble technique with respect to the only optimization, obtaining 14.32% in RMSE (reduction from 0.6204 to 0.5315) and 13.23% in MAE (reduction from 0.4323 to 0.3751). On the other hand, regarding Bland–Altman analysis, the upper and lower limits of agreement for the Mean of Differences (MOD) between the estimation and the ground truth were 1.04 and −1.05, with an MOD (bias) of −0.00175; therefore, MOD ±1.96𝜎 = −0.00175 ± 1.04. Thus, by leveraging Bayesian optimization for hyperparameter tuning and integrating a Bagging Ensemble, we achieved a significant reduction in the training error (bias), achieving a better generalization over the test set, and reducing the variance in comparison with the baseline model for SpO2 estimation. ©The authors ©Technologies ©MDPI.
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    Automatic Robotics Medication Delivery System: The ANDIS Case Study
    (Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025)
    Carbajal, Pablo
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    Cobb, Ethan
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    Hernández, César
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    Mejía, Alfredo
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    Menchaca, Lucía
    Hospitals face challenges such as nurse burnout and unproductive time utilization. Interviews with nurses and physicians revealed that 75% of their workday is dedicated to patient care and the remaining 25% could be considered unproductive due to other tasks such as manual record-keeping, canceled surgeries and postponed procedures. Streamlining tasks can free up nurses’ time for better patient care. One of these tasks is medication delivery, which can be automated using autonomous delivery robots. In this regard, we propose the design of a small autonomous robot that delivers drugs inside hospitals to reduce the medical staff’s workload. The proposed robotics system uses ultrasonic sensors and fuzzy logic control for the avoidance of obstacle tasks. In addition, an AI camera and color indicators are used to identify the room and follow the designed trajectory to deliver the medication. Results showed that the robot navigates without colliding, and the final distance between the robot and the indicators was considered appropriate for medication delivery tasks. Furthermore, its maintenance is straightforward due to its uncomplicated mechanical design. Finally, the non-invasive nature of the colored indicators minimizes the visual impact on hospital environments. ©The authors © Spring.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Machine Learning Methods in Biomedical Field : Computer-Aided Diagnostics, Healthcare and Biology Applications
    (Springer Nature Switzerland, 2026) ; ; ;
    Gomez-Coronel, Sandra L.
    ;
    Renza Torres, Diego
    This book provides an in-depth exploration of machine learning techniques and their biomedical applications, particularly in developing intelligent computer-aided diagnostic systems, creating groundbreaking healthcare technologies, uncovering novel biological applications, and fostering sustainable health solutions. Integrating artificial intelligence, mathematical modeling, and emergent systems, this book highlights the profound impact of these advanced tools in not only enhancing problem-solving within the biomedical field but also in catalyzing the development of novel solutions. This book is a valuable resource for readers interested in understanding the revolutionary impact of novel machine learning methodologies on the biomedical landscape. Furthermore, it offers a blend of theory and practical applications for those interested in biomedical education and training, biology, medicine, and sustainable health development. ©The authors ©Springer.
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    Neural Architecture Search Using Trajectory Metaheuristics to Classify Coronary Stenosis
    (IEEE, 2024)
    Franco-Gaona, Erick
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    Avila-Garcia, Maria-Susana
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    Cruz-Aceves, Ivan
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    Orocio-Garcia, Hiram-Efrain
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    Escobedo-Gordillo, Andrés
    Coronary stenosis is a disease that claims millions of lives each year. Early detection of this condition is crucial for patient survival. Currently, physicians perform detection by x-ray angiograms, however, the variability of diagnoses and the difficulty of access to expertise has led to the need for automated, computer-assisted diagnosis. In this work explores the use of deep learning to classify stenosis or non-stenosis in angiogram images using convolutional neural networks from scratch. A methodology to fine-tuning network architectures automatically using metaheuristic optimization techniques is proposed, demonstrating superior performance to fine-tuning empirically and proposing a new architecture in the literature to classify coronary stenosis. The proposed architectures achieved 86.02% and 95.67% F1-score with simulated annealing and iterated local search techniques, respectively. ©The authors ©IEEE
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    Towards the Distributed Wound Treatment Optimization Method for Training CNN Models: Analysis on the MNIST Dataset
    Convolutional neural network (CNN) is a prominent algorithm in Deep Learning methods. CNN architectures have been used successfully to solve various problems in image processing, for example, segmentation, classification, and enhancement task. However, automatic search for suitable architectures and training parameters remain an open area of research, where metaheuristic algorithms have been used to fine-tuning the hyperparameters and learning parameters. This work presents a bio-inspired distributed strategy based on Wound Treatment optimization (WTO) for training the learning parameters of a LenNet CNN model fast and accurate. The proposed method was evaluated over the popular benchmark dataset MNIST for handwritten digit recognition. Experimental results showed an improvement of 36.87% in training time using the distributed WTO method compared to the baseline with a single learning agent, and the accuracy increases 4.69% more using the proposed method in contrast with the baseline. As this is a preliminary study towards the distributed WTO method for training CNN models, we anticipate this approach can be used in robotics, multi-agent systems, federated learning, complex optimization problems, and many others, where an optimization task is required to be solved fast and accurate. © 2023 IEEE.
    Scopus© Citations 2  9  1
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    Lack of Delta-Sarcoglycan (Sgcd) Results in Retinal Degeneration
    (2019)
    Peralta-Ildefonso, Martha Janneth
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    Ramírez-Sánchez, Israel
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    Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of central vision loss and severe blindness among the elderly population. Recently, we reported on the association of the SGCD gene (encoding for δ-sarcoglycan) polymorphisms with AMD. However, the functional consequence of Sgcd alterations in retinal degeneration is not known. Herein, we characterized changes in the retina of the Sgcd knocked-out mouse (KO, Sgcd−/−). At baseline, we analyzed the retina structure of three-month-old wild-type (WT, Sgcd+/+) and Sgcd−/− mice by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, assessed the Sgcd-protein complex (α-, β-, γ-, and ε-sarcoglycan, and sarcospan) by immunofluorescence (IF) and Western blot (WB), and performed electroretinography. Compared to the WT, Sgcd−/− mice are five times more likely to have retinal ruptures. Additionally, all the retinal layers are significantly thinner, more so in the inner plexiform layer (IPL). In addition, the number of nuclei in the KO versus the WT is ever so slightly increased. WT mice express Sgcd-protein partners in specific retinal layers, and as expected, KO mice have decreased or no protein expression, with a significant increase in the α subunit. At three months of age, there were no significant differences in the scotopic electroretinographic responses, regarding both a- and b-waves. According to our data, Sgcd−/− has a phenotype that is compatible with retinal degeneration. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
    Scopus© Citations 5  30  2