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Pain Distraction During Ambulatory Surgery: Virtual Reality and Mobile Devices

2019 , Mosso Vázquez, José Luis , Mosso Lara, Dejanira , Mosso Lara, José Luis , Miller, Ian , Wiederhold, Mark D. , Wiederhold, Brenda K.

Virtual reality (VR) pain distraction has been applied across medical, surgical, and behavioral healthcare domains, marking a shift in pain attenuation practices. However, there is little research that has been performed to compare the efficacy of traditional head-mounted displays (HMDs) versus portable VR devices. The present study evaluated 44 outpatients in need of lipoma resection. Randomized into two groups—HMD versus mobile phone VR—participants navigated pain distraction virtual environments while undergoing surgery. Vital signs and subjective pain measurements via a visual analog scale were taken before, during, and after the surgery. Results indicate that the HMD group reported greater pain reduction than the Mobile group. Overall, this study points to the efficacy of nonpharmacological pain attenuation practices. Although both systems reduced pain during surgery, the clinically validated VR environments seen in the HMD group were more effective. This study does show that inexpensive solutions can work in surgical settings. Future research should be performed to identify the most effective VR pain distraction systems.

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Pain reduction with VR in indigenous vs urban patients in ambulatory surgery

2019 , Mosso Vázquez, José Luis , Obrador, Gregorio , Moss Lara, Dejanira , Mosso Lara, José Luis , Wiederhold, Brenda K. , Lara Vaca, Verónica , Miller, Ian , Wiederhold, Mark D. , Michael, Aaron , Lange, John , Yu Gillette, Sean

The current report presents comparisons of pain reduction and heart rate response using supplemental virtual reality (VR) pain distraction between 22 indigenous and 22 urban patients during ambulatory surgery. Material and methods. Forty-four (44) patients participated under full informed consent. Half (n = 22) were indigenous peoples and half (n = 22) were urban patients (those residing in Mexico City). For the urban group, a surgeon performed ambulatory surgeries with local anesthesia to remove lesions in soft tissues, such as lipomas, cysts located in the head, neck, back, shoulders, arms, limbs, and abdomen. For the indigenous group, operating rooms, intravenous line, analgesics, and sedatives were not used. Materials included laptop-linked virtual reality, PlayStation, Smartphones and Google Cardboard googles alongside virtual environments such as Enchanted Forest, The Sea, Lake Valley, Jurassic Dinosaur and Coast Space VR. Results. Pain scale indicated 2.92 before, 1.67 during and 0.67 after for indigenous participants, and 5.8 before, 3.32 during and 1.48 after for urban participants. Heart rate responses in indigenous were 80.42(before), 78.5 (during) and 72.42 (after) and urban responses were 74.07 (before), 68.53 (during) and 73.1(after). Discussion. Indigenous patients presented more pain reduction during ambulatory surgery without intravenous lines, analgesics or sedatives and required recovery time or hospitalization. Supplemental VR during medical and surgical procedures is discussed in light of cultural, economic and psychological variables associated with medical care in Mexico. ©2019, Interactive Media Institute. All rights reserved.

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Virtual reality pain mitigation during elective cesarean surgical delivery

2019 , Mosso Vázquez, José Luis , Mosso Lara, Dejanira , Lara Vaca, Verónica , Wiederhold, Brenda K. , Miller, Ian , Rivas, Homero , Wiederhold, Mark D.

We present supplemental virtual reality (VR) relaxation to reduce pain and anxiety during elective cesarean delivery in 4 young women under epidural analgesia. Methodology. Four women voluntarily participated in a VR relaxation group (mean age = 28.5 years) and four women in a control group (mean age = 30.5 years). VR relaxation was initiated for the placement of the epidural block and cesarean procedure until the gynecologist extracted the newborn from the uterus. The mothe's vital signs and pain were measured using physiological monitoring and a visual analog scale before, during and after anesthesia placement and during and after cesarean surgery. Participants viewed an ‘Enchanted Forest’ virtual environment. Three of the four patients’ husbands participated by navigating the virtual environment for his wife using a game controller. Results. Patients presented 91.89 % pain reduction in the VR group—a remarkable result under regional anesthesia. Patients in the control group presented 61 % increases in pain. Conclusions. VR supplemented pain mitigation provides high levels of satisfaction to mothers during elective cesarean delivery and carries no risk for the newborns. The current report highlights an innovative contribution to womens’ healthcare. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)

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Open surgery while wearing night vision goggles

2010 , Mosso Vázquez, José Luis , Stetz, Melba C. , Gonzalez-Ojeda, Roberto , Wiederhold, Brenda K. , Arrellín Rosas, Gerardo , Rodríguez Schlögl, Elizabeth María , Mosso Lara, Dejanira

Night vision technology is nothing new. In fact, the military rely significantly on this technology during nighttime operations. A surgeon is like a medical soldier in the battlefield. His/her only mission is that of keeping people alive. Due to many technological advances, patients cannot only train on relaxation while visiting their doctors but also get distracted by playing videogames while waiting for them. Furthermore, this virtual reality experience can be enhanced if the patient wears goggles or Head Mounted Displays under dimmed or absence of lights. The purpose of this study was to test if a surgeon could operate when extending into such a dark condition situation, but in the surgical suite. Therefore, a surgeon performed seven open surgeries on rabbits. All surgeries were performed on the thorax and abdomen regions. Specifically, the surgeon was able to perform these surgeries by wearing on his head a micro camera with infrared light and a night vision goggles. The first assistant used this same system while the scrub nurse and the anesthesiologist did not. There were no complications either during or after these procedures. It is possible to make open surgeries wearing a night vision system. Further approaches should be tested with human volunteers. Keywords: Night Vision Goggles, Open Surgery, Cyber-medicine