Gálvez , Víctor
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Preferred name
Gálvez , Víctor
Official Name
Gálvez Zúñiga, Víctor Hugo
Alternative Name
vgalvez
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ORCID
Scopus Author ID
55813224800
Researcher ID
AFR-5821-2022

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Longitudinal atrophy characterization of cortical and subcortical gray matter in Huntington’s disease patients

2019 , Ramírez‐García, Gabriel , Gálvez , Víctor , Diaz, Rosalinda , Bayliss, Leo , Fernandez-Ruiz, Juan , Campos‐Romo, Aurelio

Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease with clinical manifestations that involve motor, cognitive and psychiatric deficits. Cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have described the main cortical and subcortical macrostructural atrophy of HD. However, longitudinal studies characterizing progressive atrophy are lacking. This study aimed to describe the cortical and subcortical gray matter atrophy using complementary volumetric and surface-based MRI analyses in a cohort of seventeen early HD patients in a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis and to correlate the longitudinal volumetric atrophy with the functional decline using several clinical measures. A group of seventeen healthy individuals was included as controls. After obtaining structural MRIs, volumetric analyses were performed in 36 cortical and 7 subcortical regions of interest per hemisphere and surface-based analyses were performed in the whole cortex, caudate, putamen and thalamus. Cross-sectional cortical surface-based and volumetric analyses showed significant decreases in frontoparietal and temporo-occipital cortices, while subcortical volumetric analysis showed significant decreases in all subcortical structures except the hippocampus. The longitudinal surface-based analysis showed widespread cortical thinning with volumetric decreases in the superior frontal lobe, while a subcortical volumetric decrease occurred in the caudate, putamen and thalamus with shape deformation on the anterior, medial and dorsal side. Functional capacity and motor status decline correlated with caudate progressive atrophy, while cognitive decline correlated with left superior frontal and right paracentral progressive atrophy. These results provide new insights into progressive volumetric and surface-based morphometric atrophy of gray matter in HD.

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Extrastriatal degeneration correlates with deficits in the motor domain subscales of the UHDRS

2018 , Gálvez , Víctor , Ramírez-García, Gabriel , Hernandez-Castillo, Carlos R. , Bayliss, Leo , Díaz, Rosalinda , Lopez-Titla, María Margarita , Campos-Romo, Aurelio , Fernandez-Ruiz, Juan

Introduction: Striatal degeneration has significant behavioral effects in patients with Huntington's disease (HD). However, there is scant evidence of the possible contribution of extrastriatal regions to the motor alterations assessed within the different domains of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS). Objective: Analyze if extrastriatal grey matter decrease in patients with HD correlates with motor performance assessed with the UHDRS and its different domains. Method: Twenty-two molecular diagnosed patients with incipient HD, and twenty-two control participants matched for sex and age participated in this study. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analyses were done to identify grey matter decrease in the HD patients, and its relationship with the motor deterioration measured with the UHDRS motor scale. To further explore this relationship, a principal component analysis (PCA) was done on the UHDRS domains scores. Then the average of each component was used as a covariate in a VBM analysis. Finally, individual sub-scores from each domain were also tested for correlations with the VBM results.

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Cognitive follow-up in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: Hospital discharge, 4, 8, and 12 months

2023 , Bayliss, Leo , Moctezuma Sandoval, Andrea , Nava, Alan , Diaz-Victoria, Ana Ruth , Espinola-Nadurille, Mariana , Ramírez-Bermúdez, Jesús , Gálvez , Víctor

Introduction: Cognitive dysfunction is a core symptom in patients with Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis (ANMDARE). In stark contrast to the good functional (neurological) outcome observed in most ANMDARE patients (81%) after 18 months of hospital discharge, 80% of patients exhibit moderate or severe cognitive impairment even two years after the acute phase. Despite clinical features during the recovery phase having been widely characterized, our understanding of cognitive recovery during the first year remains incomplete since most reports have cross-sectional study designs or small sample sizes in which the administered neuropsychological tests and follow-up times (when available) are heterogeneous. To sum up the main cognitive reports, neuropsychological cross-sectional studies have revealed deficits related to attention, language, visuospatial function, and episodic and working memory. Nevertheless, longitudinal and systematic neuropsychological assessments reveal a wider picture. According to a recent study of 43 ANMDARE patients, moderate or severe cognitive impairments persisted for an average 2.3 years after onset, mainly in memory and executive function domains. Significant improvements were observed in neuropsychological performance after 4.9 years, but 2/3 of patients still had moderate to severe deficits despite favorable neurological outcomes. However, this approach does not provide information on the evolution of cognitive functions until 2 years after the acute stage. Therefore, detailed cognitive outcomes during the first year are still lacking. We aim to describe the cognitive outcomes in ANMDARE patients through a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment at hospital discharge as well as after 4, 8, and 12 months.

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Theory of mind impairment in Huntington's disease patients and their relatives

2019 , Bayliss, Leo , Gálvez , Víctor , Ochoa Diaz, Adriana , Chávez-Oliveros, Mireya , Rodríguez-Agudelo, Yaneth , Delgado-García, Guillermo , Catherine Boll, Marie

Huntington disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by movement disorders, cognitive impairment, and psychiatric symptoms. Relatives of HD patients experience a great burden as the latter suffer from altered social conduct and deterioration of interpersonal relationships. Theory of mind (ToM) is the ability to attribute mental states (to oneself and others). Deficits in ToM are thought to have a role in the changes in empathy and interpersonal difficulties that HD patients face. METHODS We conducted a cross sectional study to compare ToM task scores of patients with mild to moderate HD, their relatives (spouse or at-risk first-degree relative with a negative gene test) and controls.Individuals with dementia or depression were excluded. The ToM test battery included Spanish versions of the Reading Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), Happé's Strange Stories (Social and Physical Stories subtests) and the Hinting Task. RESULTS The series comprised 12 HD patients, 12 relatives and 12 controls. The HD patients showed lower affective ToM scores than controls (RMET 19 [3.5] vs 23.9 [2.7], p = 0.016). Cognitive ToM tasks scores were lower in HD patients than controls as well (Happé's Social Stories 9 [2.6] vs 13 [1.9], p = 0.001; the Hinting Task 13.6 [3.4] vs 17.5 [4.0], p = 0.009). In the Hinting Task, HD relatives had lower scores in than controls (13 [3.2] vs 17.5 [4.0], p = 0.009) and similar scores to controls in the rest of the battery. CONCLUSION The HD patients with mild to moderate disease severity and their relatives show ToM deficits.

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