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A Parametric Study of Laser-Directed Energy Deposited DSS 2205: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties Perspectives
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025)
Mahey, Vishal
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Johnson, Grant A.
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Burad, Prayag
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Gonzalez-Ojeda, Roberto
;
Quintana, Maria J.
Duplex stainless steels (DSS) are corrosion-resistant materials with excellent mechanical properties. This family of steels is only a recent addition to the additive manufacturing (AM) realm due to the limited availability of DSS powder in the past. This study has investigated the effect of varying energy flux (laser power and scanning speed) in a laser-based directed energy deposition AM process on the as-deposited materials state of DSS 2205, a material widely used in marine applications. The primary focus was to understand how changes in laser power (200 W and 300 W) and scanning speed (10 mm/s and 15 mm/s) influence key microstructural features such as phase distribution (δ-ferrite and γ-austenite), grain size, morphology, defects, and microhardness of the as-deposited material. Microstructural analysis revealed a significant correlation between the processing parameters and the resulting microstructure. Increasing the scanning speed reduces the defect content in the samples, while increasing laser power results in larger δ-ferrite grains. The hardness was influenced by both the γ-austenite content and the δ-ferrite grain size. This study provides a pathway for tailoring directed energy deposition (DED) conditions to achieve high-quality and dimensionally accurate components, particularly suited for demanding marine applications. ©The authors ©Springer ©JOM.
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Differences in Defect Distribution Across Scan Strategies in Electron Beam AM Ti-6Al-4V : The fraction and size of pores present in EBM Ti-6Al-4V specimens varies depending on the melting strategy used, whether linear raster melting or point melting
(2021)
Quintana, María José
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O’Donnell, Katie
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Kenney, Matthew J.
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Collins, Peter C.
In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM) has begun to displace traditional manufacturing techniques for specific applications. Notable benefits of AM include reduced times from design to product, an improved buy-tofly ratio, lower waste, and the ability to produce complex geometries[1,2]. An additional benefit of additive manufacturing is the variety of manufacturing processes that span across heat source (e.g., laser, electron beam, plasma), input material type (e.g., powder, wire), atmosphere, and the number of axes of control among others[2-4]. This variability in processing route means that a process can be identified and optimized for a class of products or parts. Despite these various advantages, one of the primary drawbacks of AM processes is porosity within builds, which ultimately reduces the ability of a part to withstand tensile stresses and can lead to premature failure[4-6]. Copyright 2021 ASM International.
Scopus© Citations 3 24 1
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Correction to: Texture Analysis of Additively Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V Deposited Using Different Scanning Strategies
(2020)
Quintana Hernández, María José
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Kenney, Matthew J.
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Agrawal, Priyanka
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Collins, Peter C.
The following is missing from the Acknowledgments in the original article:
9 2
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Spherical pores as ‘microstructural informants’: Understanding compositional, thermal, and mechanical gyrations in additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V
(2021)
Kenney, Matthew J.
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O'Donnell, Katie
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Quintana Hernández, María José
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Collins, Peter C.
Detailed analysis of defects such as spherical porosity can act as informants, providing some information regarding the complex and often hidden physics associated with additive manufacturing. Variation in the presence and nature of these defects can shed new insights into the AM process. In this paper, the compositional, crystallographic, microstructural, and morphological characteristics surrounding gas pores in Electron Beam Melted Ti-6Al-4V have been assessed and correlated with different scanning strategies (raster and two point melting ones, Dehoff and random). The large spherical pores (>25μm), exclusively present in raster scan, exhibit perturbations normal to the vertical sidewalls of the pores that are likely the result of elastic instabilities resulting from chemical and crystallographic variations and initiated by vertical compression caused by thermal stresses related to the cyclic process – effectively a form of microbuckling. Electron backscatter diffraction maps support the theory that these perturbations occur at elevated temperatures and prior to the final solid-solid phase transformation. © 2021
Scopus© Citations 8 11 1
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Texture Analysis of Additively Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V Deposited Using Different Scanning Strategies
(2020)
Quintana Hernández, María José
;
Kenney, Matthew J.
;
Agrawal, Priyanka
;
Collins, Peter C.
A limited number of features that comprise the more wholistic materials state of electron beam, powder bed additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V have been investigated. Coupling scanning electron microscopy and orientation microscopy, the microstructure and texture of samples produced using different AM scan strategies have been studied at various positions along the build height of the samples. Both the qualitative and quantitative results, including parent beta grain orientation, alpha lath texture, and predominant type of microstructure (colony vs basketweave), and their length scales are included. Both the scan strategy used for the build and the time between proximal molten pool passes have been shown to significantly influence the resulting microstructure and texture. © 2020, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International.
Scopus© Citations 9 15 1
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Microstructure Characterization and Mechanical Properties in Individual Zones of Linear Friction Welded Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
(2020)
Mendoza, Michael Y.
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Quintana Hernández, María José
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Collins, Peter C.
Linear friction welding (LFW) offers a new approach to manufacture aerospace components while improving the buy-to-fly ratio. However, the fundamental knowledge associated with the LFW process, including the attendant microstructural evolution and corresponding mechanical behavior is still rather limited. In this research effort, subscale tensile coupons were prepared and tested to determine the properties of each discrete zone of the linear friction welded specimen, namely the welded zone, thermomechanically affected zone, and parent material. The results show that the yield strength of the welded zone is 20 pct higher than the parent material and the thermomechanically affected zone is 13 pct higher than the parent material. Materials characterization, including optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron backscattered diffraction-based orientation microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, was conducted to develop an understanding of the microstructure–property relationships. The highly refined nature of the microstructure makes final interpretations challenging, but the evidence suggests that the mechanical behavior is dominated by phenomenon that operate at the 1 to 50 nm length scale, including strain hardening and highly refined features that hinder slip. © 2020, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International.
Scopus© Citations 1 3 2

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