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Social Positions in the Liber de Regno Sicilie : Using Structural Equivalences in an Attempt to Analyze the Narrative of Pseudo-Falcandus
(Central European University - Budapest Campus, 2014)
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The Essence of Hospitality Extracted from the Odyssey of Homer: Its Relevance for Hospitality Professionals Today
(Springer International Publishing, 2022)
Saul, Fabiola
It seems an undeniable fact that hospitality as the generous action of receiving someone, usually a stranger, in the home has been a millenary practice. This may have to do with the fact that man possesses the capability to move around the earth, and therefore when he is in a foreign land, he may need shelter or refuge. In this context, many authors have considered Homer’s poem, the Odyssey, a good setting to study this phenomenon, since it is the remotest testimony of a great journey, in Western Literature, one in which Odysseus takes 10 years to return home. An author that complements the study of Homer is Aristotle, since his theory of virtue offers a possible conception of hospitality as a human trait that is acquired through effort and models a person’s moral character towards the good. This chapter tries to unite both Greek authors to find the essence of hospitality and, from there, the possible implications for today’s hospitality professionals. ©The author ©Springer.
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Análisis de la Ley núm. 20.431 sobre Muerte Digna en Uruguay
(Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas, 2026)
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Pérez Valdivieso, Pedro Antonio
El presente comentario tiene por objeto examinar la Ley núm. 20.431 de Muerte Digna, que legaliza la eutanasia en Uruguay a la luz del alcance y las implicaciones de la dignidad humana como fundamento de los derechos humanos. Esta normativa reconoce el “derecho a una muerte digna” y permite el ejercicio de la eutanasia de acuerdo con ciertas modalidades y procedimientos. Se analizan los antecedentes y argumentos que propiciaron la creación de la ley, así como su contenido. ©Los autores ©Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas.
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Social determinants of health and disparities in cancer care for patients with metastatic breast cancer in Mexico.
(American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), 2025)
Chavarri Guerra, Yanin
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Verduzco-Aguirre, Haydee Cristina
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Esparza-Orozco, Maria Fernanda
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Ramos Lopez, Wendy Alicia
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Alvarado, Montserrath
Background: Patients diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face poorer outcomes than their counterparts in high-income countries. Social determinants of health (SDH)—including housing, food security, employment, and education—have been increasingly recognized as critical non-medical factors influencing access to care and cancer-related outcomes. We aimed to describe SDH among Mexican patients with MBC and examine their association with treatment adherence, receipt of standard therapy, and survival. Methods: This was a prospective multicenter cohort study including patients from three public cancer centers in Mexico City. Eligible participants were adults with MBC receiving first- or second-line systemic therapy. A trained patient navigator conducted structured interviews at baseline and every three months over one year using validated questionnaires (SDH needs, SEAMS, FACT-G, and BPI). Treatments were categorized as standard or non-standard based on NCCN guidelines. Associations between SDH and clinical outcomes were explored using chi-square tests. Linear mixed models were used to assess longitudinal changes in health-related quality of life. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. Results: A total of 324 patients were included (mean age 58.1 years; 99.7% female). At baseline, 92% reported at least one SDH-related need, most commonly employment (77.5%), housing (55.2%), and food (45.7%). The mean number of SDH needs at baseline was 3.1±1.8, remaining consistent across timepoints. Receipt of standard treatment was lower among those with needs in utilities (47.6% vs. 69.1%, p= 0.001) and education (58.0% vs. 69.0%, p= 0.046). Median SEAMS scores improved slightly over time (35 to 37). Median follow-up was 12.1 months (95% CI, 12.05-12.15). One-year overall survival was 85.0% (95% CI, 81.0–89.0), with no differences based on presence (p = 0.61) or number of SDH needs (p = 0.51) at baseline. The presence of any SDH need was significantly associated with FACT-G scores (p = 0.002) throughout the follow-up period. FACT-G scores were consistently lower in patients with any SDH need, and no significant interaction was observed between time and presence of any SDH need (p = 0.481). Conclusions: SDH needs were highly prevalent and persistent among patients with MBC in Mexico and were associated with lower likelihood of receiving guideline-concordant care and lower quality of life. Addressing these social barriers through targeted interventions may be critical to improving treatment equity and clinical outcomes in LMIC settings. ©The authors ©American Society of Clinical Oncology.
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Exploring Physical and Psychological Child Well-being Indicators in Mexican Children and Adolescents Placed in Residential Care
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2026)
Castaños Cervantes, Susana
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Ojeda-Núñez, Jose Anibal
Mexico currently lacks comprehensive and systematic data on the well-being of children and adolescents in residential care, limiting the formulation of effective child welfare policies. As the first qualitative study of its kind in the country, this research explored indicators of physical and psychological well-being among a purposive sample of 197 children and adolescents living in facilities administered by the National System for the Comprehensive Development of the Family (SNDIF). Using qualitative content analysis of institutional case files, supported by descriptive statistical summaries, the study identified recurring patterns and tendencies related to the physical and psychological conditions of this population. The findings suggest that documented levels of well-being tend to fall below desired standards and that institutional responses may only partially align with the comprehensive protection principles established in Mexican child welfare legislation. By generating qualitative, document-based evidence on children and adolescents in SNDIF facilities, this study contributes to the limited empirical base on institutional care in Mexico. The results underscore the importance of strengthening professional practices, staff training, and intersectoral coordination to better support the holistic development and well-being of children in residential care across Latin American contexts. ©The authors ©Springer.
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La regulación de la eutanasia en Uruguay: examen crítico de la Ley núm. 20.431
(Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas, 2026)
Este artículo analiza la Ley núm. 20.431 de Uruguay, primera legislación en América Latina que regula de manera expresa la eutanasia mediante un marco normativo. La ley se estructura en torno al reconocimiento de la autonomía personal como fundamento del proceso de morir. Sin embargo, desde una perspectiva constitucional y bioética, el estudio identifica tensiones relevantes en el diseño normativo. Se sostiene que la autodeterminación del paciente queda sujeta a mecanismos de validación institucional que la transforman en una autonomía jurídicamente condicionada. Asimismo, la definición legal de eutanasia, como un procedimiento realizado por un médico o por su orden, plantea problemas éticos y jurídicos, al desplazar la ejecución material a terceros. Finalmente, se argumenta que estas ambigüedades normativas inciden en los principios constitucionales de legalidad, seguridad jurídica y el deber estatal de protección de las personas en situación de vulnerabilidad. ©La autora © Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas.
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Computational Identification of Potential Novel Allosteric IHF Inhibitors Using QSAR Modeling to Inhibit Plasmid-Mediated Antibiotic Resistance
(MDPI AG, 2026)
Saurith-Coronell, Oscar
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Sierra-Hernandez, Olimpo
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Rodríguez-Macías, Juan David
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Mora, José R.
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Perez-Perez, Noel
The rapid spread of antibiotic resistance through plasmid-mediated conjugation remains a primary global health concern. Despite its critical role in horizontal gene transfer, no approved drugs currently target this process, leaving a critical therapeutic gap. Integration Host Factor (IHF), a DNA-binding protein essential for plasmid replication and mobilization, emerges as a promising yet underexplored target for anti-conjugation strategies. This work aimed to develop a predictive computational model and identify small molecules that disrupt IHF function, thereby reducing plasmid transfer and limiting resistance gene dissemination. A curated dataset of 65 compounds with reported anti-plasmid activity was analyzed using a 3D-QSAR model based on algebraic descriptors computed with QuBiLS-MIDAS. The model was validated through leave-one-out cross-validation (Q2 = 0.82), Tropsha’s criteria, and Y-scrambling. Representative compounds were selected via pharmacophore clustering and evaluated through molecular docking at both the DNA-binding site and a predicted allosteric pocket of IHF. The most promising complexes underwent 200 ns molecular dynamics simulations to assess stability and interaction patterns. The QSAR model demonstrated strong predictive performance (R2 = 0.90). Docking simulations revealed more favorable binding energies at the allosteric site (up to −12.15 kcal/mol) compared to the DNA-binding site. Molecular dynamics confirmed the stability of these interactions, with allosteric complexes showing lower RMSD fluctuations and consistent binding energy profiles. Dynamic cross-correlation analysis revealed that allosteric ligand binding induces conformational changes in key catalytic residues, including Pro65, Pro61, and Leu66. These alterations may compromise DNA recognition and disrupt the initiation of replication. To our knowledge, this is the first computational study proposing allosteric inhibition of IHF as an anti-conjugation strategy. These findings provide a foundation for experimental validation and the development of novel agents to prevent horizontal gene transfer, offering a promising approach to restoring antibiotic efficacy against multidrug-resistant pathogens. ©The authors ©MDPI.
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Agentic Finance: An Adaptive Inference Framework for Bounded-Rational Investing Agents
(MDPI AG, 2026)
Montañez Jacquez, Samuel
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Clippinger, John H.
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Moroney, Matthew
We propose Adaptive Inference, a portfolio management framework extending Active Inference to non-stationary financial environments. The framework integrates inference, control, and execution under endogenous uncertainty, modeling investment decisions as coupled dynamics of belief updating, preference encoding, and action selection rather than optimization over fixed objectives. In this approach, portfolio behavior is governed by the expected free energy (EFE) minimization, showing that classical valuation models emerge as limiting cases when epistemic components vanish. Using train–test evaluation on the ARKK Innovation ETF (2015–2025), we identify a Passivity Paradox: frozen belief transfer outperforms naive adaptive learning. A Professional Agent achieves a Sharpe ratio of 0.39 while its adaptive counterpart degrades to −0.28, reflecting belief contamination when learning from policy-dependent signals. Crucially, the architecture is not designed to generate alpha but to perform endogenous risk management that mitigates overtrading under regime ambiguity and distributional shift. Adaptive Inference Agents maintain long exposure most of the time while tactically reducing positions during high-entropy periods, implementing uncertainty-aware passive investing. All agents reduce realized volatility relative to ARKK Buy-and-Hold (43.0% annualized). Cross-asset validation on the S&P 500 ETF (SPY) shows that inference-guided risk shaping achieves a positive Entropic Sharpe Ratio (ESR), defined as excess return per unit of informational work, thereby quantifying the economic value of information under thermodynamic constraints on inference. ©The authors ©MDPI.
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Pondering Mohammed Abed Al-Jabri’s Project of an ‘Arab Reason’
(MDPI AG, 2026)
Mohammed Abed Al-Jabri (d. 2010) is one of the most important and stimulating contemporary Arabic philosophers. He is well-known for his project Critique of Arab Reason (Naqd al-ʿaql al-ʿArabī), in which he deconstructs the Arabic philosophical and cultural tradition, revitalizing the rationalist legacy of the classical period, mainly, the philosophical ideas of Ibn Rushd (Averroes). According to Al-Jabri, the renewal of Arab thought requires a non-traditionalist understanding of tradition. In this paper, I shall critically examine Al-Jabri’s “contextualist” methodology. I first provide some historical background for understanding Al-Jabri’s concern with fostering a critique of Arab reason. Secondly, I discuss the way Al-Jabri reinterprets Islamic intellectual history, emphasizing his attempt to overcome the idiosyncratic approaches to Arab culture, namely, religious Salafists, Orientalists, and left nationalists. Thirdly, I discuss the extent to which his renewal of classical intellectual tradition, mainly his approach to Ibn Rushd, allows for the socio-political and cultural reformation of an Arab identity through his idea of “understanding oneself through the other.” Finally, I highlight some successful aspects of Al-Jabri’s epistemic project and its potential relevance for the present. ©The author ©MDPI.
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Real-world effectiveness of avelumab, pembrolizumab, and enfortumab vedotin in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation (ARON-2EV)
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2026)
Mollica, Veronica
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Massari, Francesco
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Fujita, Kazutoshi
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Giannatempo, Patrizia
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Grande, Enrique
Introduction: Avelumab, pembrolizumab, and enfortumab vedotin (EV) demonstrated efficacy in mUC following platinum-based chemotherapy. However, real-world data in patients with urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation (UCSD) are limited. The aim of this study is to assess the real-world clinical outcomes of avelumab, pembrolizumab, or EV in mUCSD patients. Materials and methods: The ARON-2EV study is a retrospective, international, multicenter analysis in patients with mUC treated with avelumab, pembrolizumab, or EV across 79 centers in 21 countries. Patients were divided into three cohorts: 1 (avelumab), 2 (pembrolizumab), and 3 (EV). Primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and time on treatment (ToT). Secondary objectives included evaluating clinical factors associated with outcomes and exploring the impact of UCSD histology on response to therapy. Statistical methods included Kaplan–Meier estimates, log-rank tests, Fisher’s exact and chi-square tests, and Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Results: A total of 1918 patients, 1696 with advanced pure UC (pUC) and 222 with mUCSD (36 in cohort 1, 111 in cohort 2, and 75 in cohort 3), were included. Median OS was shorter in patients with UCSD compared to patients with pUC histology in the three cohorts (1: 13.0 vs 26.8 months, HR 2.66, p = 0.003; 2: 10.2 vs 18.5 months, HR 1.52, p = 0.008; and 3: 7.6 vs 13.1 months, HR 1.68, p = 0.011). Median ToT was shorter in patients with UCSD compared to patients with pUC histology in cohort 1 (3.5 vs 5.6 months, HR 1.57, p = 0.044) and 3 (7.6 vs 13.6 months, HR 1.83, p = 0.005) but not in cohort 2 (3.7 vs 4.7 months, HR 1.19, p = 0.177). Response to therapy was negatively correlated with UCSD histology in cohorts 2 (correlation coefficient 0.094, p = 0.008) and 3 (correlation coefficient 0.107, p = 0.021), while response to avelumab was not correlated with UCSD (correlation coefficient 0.072, p = 0.263). Conclusions: UCSD is a histology with a poor prognosis and response to treatments compared to pUC. Treatments activity and effectiveness in divergent differentiations should be addressed in dedicated prospective studies. ©The authors ©Springer.

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