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Brazil’s National Power Evolution and Geostructural Positioning
(Springer Nature Singapore, 2025)
Ruvalcaba, Daniel Morales
;
Apango Partida, Mónica
This chapter examines Brazil’s national power’s evolution and geostructural positioning in the international system since the end of the Cold War. From a methodological perspective, a theoretical approach is adopted, conceptualising national-international power as a multidimensional, dynamic, and recursive combination of capacities. The analysis is based on the use of the World Power Index (WPI), a quantitative tool that allows for the measurement and comparison of Brazil’s power over time, providing an empirical basis for understanding its trajectory. Within this framework, the material, semimaterial, and immaterial capacities that have defined the configuration of its national power are assessed. The chapter is organised into four main sections. The first provides a historical review of Brazil’s national power, contextualising its position as a semiperipheral country in the global system. The second analyses the evolution of Brazilian power since the end of the Cold War, identifying a cycle characterised by short phases of rise and decline (1990–2002), a prolonged phase of emerging consolidation (2003–2011), and, subsequently, a sustained period of decline that began in 2012 and started to reverse from 2021 onward. The third section presents a diachronic analysis of Brazil’s material, semimaterial, and immaterial capacities. Finally, the fourth section examines its geostructural positioning at both regional and global levels, exploring its main roles as a regional power with global aspirations. The academic importance of this chapter lies in its innovative analysis of Brazil’s national power, which combines a historical and quantitative approach with a comprehensive perspective on power. This approach enables an understanding of how Brazil has balanced its regional leadership with its insertion into the international system while transiting cycles of rise and decline in its national power.
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Promoting Identities: An Overview of the Development of Nation Branding in Latin America
(UK Zhende Publishing Limited Company, 2024)
Azpíroz, María-Luisa
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Rodríguez-Espínola, Amanda
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Jiménez-Martínez, César
This study analyzes and compares nation branding strategies implemented by Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru, since their first initiatives until 2020. Literature on nation branding in the countries under study is explored. The strategies implemented by each country were analyzed and compared. Argentina maintained a strategy focused on tourism but underwent logo and institutional changes. Brazil sought to stand out as a technological and innovative country. Chile focused on promoting investments and exports while creating a national identity. Colombia promoted international and domestic tourism, aiming to improve its international image and citizens self-esteem. Mexico maintained its logo and strategy of promoting tourism, investments, and exports until the dissolution of ProMexico under López Obrador’s administration. Peru maintained a strategy focused on tourism and gastronomy. During their first two decades, nation branding in Latin America has been characterized by, firstly, being strongly associated with the interests of governments in power. Secondly, by having authorities as main actors, often to the detriment of citizens’ perspectives. Finally, nation branding strategies in Latin America have privileged limited versions of national identity that have been perceived as appealing for international markets. ©The authors © Review of Communication Research (RCR) - All Rights Reserved.
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Self-Enhancement in Latin America: Is It Linked to Interdependence?
(SAGE Publications Inc., 2025)
Salvador, Cristina E.
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Idrovo Carlier, Sandra
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Ishii, Keiko
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Castillo Torres, Carolina
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Nanakdewa, Kevin
Although individuals of Latin American heritage ( Latin Americans in short) are considered interdependent, they also value traits like uniqueness and positivity, like individuals of European American cultural heritage, who are considered independent. It remains unclear whether this inclination toward positivity extends to a bias in self-perception known as self-enhancement. Moreover, if Latin Americans are indeed self-enhancing, it is uncertain how these tendencies align with their interdependent cultural orientation. In this article, we report three studies ( N = 1,246) with three operationalizations of self-enhancement. We found that Mexicans, Colombians, and Ecuadorians show self-enhancement that is mostly similar in magnitude to European Americans. Notably, Study 3 found that self-enhancement is related to interdependence in Latin America: Unlike European Americans, Latin Americans in Ecuador exhibited stronger self-enhancement when interdependence is primed rather than independence. Our findings suggest that among Latin American individuals, self-enhancement not only exists but also reinforces interdependence. ©The authors ©Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
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Transpacific Integration and Open Regionalism: The Case of Singapore as Associated State of the Pacific Alliance
(Nurimedia Co. Ltd., 2024)
Fonseca, Fabricio A.
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Sanchez Orozco, Miriam L.
The Transpacific integration process is entering its third decade, and it encompasses a vast number of economic agreements and a wide range of actors on both sides of the Pacific. In the side of Latin America, the Pacific Alliance (PA) and its member states have been identified as using the concept of open regionalism to maximize their integration efforts, not only between themselves, but also with their counterparts in the Asia-Pacific. With the introduction of the category of Associated State, the PA founding members (Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru) have been able to add a new dimension to this Transpacific integration process. In 2022, Singapore was the first country to receive that category after finalizing negotiations for a free trade agreement with all the Alliance members. Other candidates are Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and more recently, South Korea. This article intends to trace the process of Singapore’s partnership with the PA, exploring the different motivations and features of economic ties between both sides of this new development. Therefore, through the observation of qualitative data and descriptive statistics, we suggest that it is possible to move beyond material incentives and drives, and emphasize elements such as shared values and ideas, in order to better comprehend the decision of those actors in coming together and continue promoting notions associated with a liberal and multilateral trading system, as a preferred model for Transpacific cooperation. ©The authors ©Nurimedia Co. Ltd ©Korean Association Of International Studies
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The impact of externalized pancreatic stents in our practice: A comparison of outcomes after pancreaticoduodenectomy in two time periods
(Elsevier, 2025)
Arias-Espinosa, Luis
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Nordmann-Gomes, Alberto
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Zorrilla-Villalobos, A.
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Vargas-España Andres
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Malcher, Flavio
Background: Postoperative pancreatic fistula is a severe complication of pancreaticoduodenectomy. Using an externalized pancreatic stent is a potential mitigation strategy not previously studied in Latin America. Methods: Pancreaticoduodenectomies performed in a single center between 2006 and 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical variables were collected with a 90-day follow-up according to stent intervention: externalized stent (ES), internal stent (IS), or no stent. Before and after ES implementation (2016) periods were also compared. ©The authors ©The American Journal of Surgery (AJS) © Elsevier.
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Revisión sistematizada de la producción académica sobre diplomacia pública latinoamericana
(EPI SCP, 2024)
Azpíroz, María-Luisa
;
Rodriguez Espínola, Amanda
Public diplomacy is an international political communication activity used by countries to achieve political objectives abroad and establish positive relationships with foreign publics. There are four types of public diplomacy: cultural, media, branding, and niche. Methodology: Following the SALSA framework and the PRISMA statement’s four-phase flow diagram, this paper seeks to answer the following research questions: How has the production of academic literature about Latin American public diplomacy evolved? What are the characteristics of the production country by country? What characterizes such production according to the type of public diplomacy it is focused on? The systematic review of the academic literature on Latin American public diplomacy resulted in a sample of 95 items published in databases such as Scopus, Science Direct, SpringerLink, ProQuest One Academic, Jstor, and DOAJ. Results: Academic publications on Latin American public diplomacy emerged in 2007 and have grown consistently since 2016. The primary focus has been on Brazil, Mexico, and Colombia, with Brazil and Colombia being the primary editors of journals publishing articles on the topic. Studies on Brazil and branding constitute a significant portion of the research, representing 28% and 60% of the sample, respectively. Conclusions: Academic production about Latin American public diplomacy begins later than that focused on other parts of the world, consistent with its later practice in the region. The dominant powers have the leading role. Branding focused on promoting tourism, investment, and exports, is the type of public diplomacy generating the most interest, to the detriment of strategies with more political weight such as media diplomacy. Keywords. © 2024, El Profesional de la Informacion. All rights reserved.
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Circulación de modelos y centralidad de los códigos civiles en el derecho privado latinoamericano
(2013)
Soriano Cienfuegos, Carlos Alberto
This work presupposes the existence of a family of laws which can be situated in the extensive system of codified laws based on the Roman tradition, and within it a Latin American group, and seeks to organize the material within the context in which it has been produced, with the aim of achieving greater comprehension of the formation of the private law in Latin America, highlighting the models and influences used, the intervention of jurists and the significance it took on for the different societies, the characteristics of the mentioned process and the causes for its early or tardy consolidation. © Boletín Mexicano de Derecho Comparado
Scopus© Citations 1 46 1
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Darwinism in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century in Latin America
(2014)
Velázquez Fernández, Héctor
The chapter explains about the Darwinism in the second half of the nineteenth century could be framed according to Thomas Glick's models. Glick suggests that the main attitudes of scientific communities or other social groups towards new ideas could be: a combination of anxiety and opposition, or a combination of acceptance and adaptation. It is important to mention from the outset, that the circumstances of the reception of Darwinism in Peru reflect the Latin American environment in the second half of the nineteenth century: a lack of resources, a small scientific community and a low esteem in scientific fields. Since no detailed studies in favour of or against Darwinism appeared before the twentieth century, press articles were the space for the discussion of Darwinism in Mexico during the late nineteenth century. Thus the chapter briefly explains and analyses the characteristic features of the Darwinism in several South American countries, ending with a short reflection on the attitudes towards Darwinism. © Routledge
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