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Aristotle and New Spain
(Routledge, 2025-02-21)
;
González, Juan Carlos
This book is a detailed exploration of the Hispanic intellectual context and the different Aristotelian traditions that prevailed until the 16th century. Through a review and contextualisation of Aristotelian thinkers and texts, it argues that a unique Aristotelian tradition was formed in New Spain. The characteristic differences of Novohispanic Aristotelianism are a consequence of five factors: contact with the autochthonous cultures of America, the impact of the colonial organisation, the influence of the Salamanca humanist tradition, the presence of the Italian Aristotelianism of Renaissance translators in the university curricula and in the intellectual polemics of the time, and a peculiar assimilation of primitive and Old Testament Christianity in relation to indigenous people. This book analyses the works of Alonso de la Veracruz, Bartolomé de las Casas, Bernardino de Sahagún, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora, and Francisco Xavier Clavijero, reconsidering them in light of the history of ideas in New Spain and the contributions of Byzantine translators. It also offers a reflection on the problem of addressing Mexican colonial sources. This volume will be of interest to undergraduate and postgraduate philosophy students, as well as to researchers focused on Aristotle, Renaissance philosophy, or Latin American studies. ©The authors © Routledge
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Filosofía y conversión en la tesis doctoral de Joseph Ratzinger sobre Agustín
(Universidad Pontificia Comillas, 2025-03-06)
En la tesis de Ratzinger sobre Agustín se puede apreciar que la idea de filosofía que subyace al texto tiene dos sentidos generales: en primer lugar, la filosofía se entiende como una actividad muy íntima y existencial, cercana al sujeto, en primera persona; en segundo lugar, se abre paso una concepción más objetiva que apunta hacia una comprensión metafísica de la realidad. En el presente estudio analizo el primer sentido, en el que la idea de filosofía se mantiene muy cerca de significado etimológico. Sugiero que la conversión cristiana de Agustín puede interpretarse como una conversión filosófica, pues la búsqueda de la sapientia es siempre la constante que motiva todo el movimiento. Su compromiso con la verdad lo lleva a descubrir el valor de la autoridad, pero siempre con vistas a alcanzar la sabiduría, tal como se refleja en su famoso crede, ut intelligas. ©El autor ©Pensamiento. Revista de Investigación e Información Filosófica ©Universidad Pontificia Comillas.
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The Emergence of the Concept in Early Greek Philosophy
(Cambridge University Press, 2024)
In ‘The Emergence of the Concept in Early Greek philosophy’, André Laks argues that we can trace the first inklings of thinking about concepts by paying close attention to early Greek answers to the following three questions: how is perceptual information reached and processed by the mind, what is the relationship between perception and thinking, and how do the early Greek philosophers account for name-giving? First, Laks discusses whether the explanations of sensory mechanisms offered by the early Greek philosophers as well as by the medical authors might have prepared the ground for later theories of concept formation. Second, he argues that we should resist the Aristotelian report according to which the early Greek philosophers identified thinking with perceiving. In fact, we have good reasons to assume that early Greek philosophers attempted to offer an account of the process of thinking. The final section of the chapter turns to the question of the relationship between giving names to things, and forming and grasping the corresponding concept. ©The author ©Cambridge University Press.
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Souls and Cosmos before Plato : Five Short Doxographical Studies
(Cambridge University Press, 2021)
This article shows how two basic meanings of psukhē – namely ‘breath’ and ‘life’– may have helped Platonising or for that matter Stoicising doxographers to lend to various pre-Platonic philosophers the view that the world is ‘ensouled’. I do not try to systematically reconstruct how these cosmo-philosophers conceived the relationship between the world and what was to become ‘the soul’. I do suggest, however, that framing the problem in terms of ‘breath’ and ‘life’ helps us in getting a more adequate understanding both of the authentic evidence and of the history of its reception. Indeed, to the extent that it is possible, I try to reconstruct the interpretive steps that led, with various degrees of legitimacy, from the original wording to its Platonising or Stoicising deformations, which remain all too often the framework of analysis in modern interpretations. Five case studies are considered: Thales, Anaximenes, Heraclitus, some Pythagoreans and Alcmeon. ©The author. ©Cambridge University Press.
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The Concept of Presocratic Philosophy: Its Origin, Development, and Significance
(Princeton University Press, 2018)
When we talk about Presocratic philosophy, we are speaking about the origins of Greek philosophy and Western rationality itself. But what exactly does it mean to talk about “Presocratic philosophy” in the first place? How did early Greek thinkers come to be considered collectively as Presocratic philosophers? In this brief book, André Laks provides a history of the influential idea of Presocratic philosophy, tracing its historical and philosophical significance and consequences, from its ancient antecedents to its full crystallization in the modern period and its continuing effects today. Laks examines ancient Greek and Roman views about the birth of philosophy before turning to the eighteenth-century emergence of the term “Presocratics” and the debates about it that spanned the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. He analyzes the intellectual circumstances that led to the idea of Presocratic philosophy—and what was and is at stake in the construction of the notion. The book closes by comparing two models of the history of philosophy—the phenomenological, represented by Hans-Georg Gadamer, and the rationalist, represented by Ernst Cassirer—and their implications for Presocratic philosophy, as well as other categories of philosophical history. Other figures discussed include Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, Diogenes Laertius, Schleiermacher, Hegel, Nietzsche, Max Weber, and J.-P. Vernant. Challenging standard histories of Presocratic philosophy, the book calls for a reconsideration of the conventional story of early Greek philosophy and Western rationality. ©The autor © Princeton University Press.
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Contextualizing premodern philosophy: explorations of the Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, and Latin Traditions
(Routledge, 2023)
Krause, Katja
;
;
Oschman, Nicholas A.
This volume brings together contributions from distinguished scholars in the history of philosophy, focusing on points of interaction between discrete historical contexts, religions, and cultures found within the premodern period. The contributions connect thinkers from antiquity through the Middle Ages and include philosophers from the three major monotheistic faiths—Judaism, Islam, and Christianity. By emphasizing premodern philosophy’s shared textual roots in antiquity, particularly the writings of Plato and Aristotle, the volume highlights points of cross-pollination between different schools, cultures, and moments in premodern thought. Approaching the complex history of the premodern world in an accessible way, the editors organize the volume so as to underscore the difficulties the premodern period poses for scholars, while accentuating the fascinating interplay between the Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, and Latin philosophical traditions. The contributors cover many topics ranging from the aims of Aristotle’s cosmos, the adoption of Aristotle’s Organon by al-Fārābī, and the origins of the Plotiniana Arabica to the role of Ibn Gabirol’s Fons vitae in the Latin West, the ways in which Islamic philosophy shaped thirteenth-century Latin conceptions of light, Roger Bacon’s adaptation of Avicenna for use in his moral philosophy, and beyond. The volume’s focus on "source-based contextualism" demonstrates an appreciation for the rich diversity of thought found in the premodern period, while revealing methodological challenges raised by the historical study of premodern philosophy. Contextualizing Premodern Philosophy: Explorations of the Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, and Latin Traditions is a stimulating resource for scholars and advanced students working in the history of premodern philosophy. © 2023 selection and editorial matter, Katja Krause, Luis Xavier López-Farjeat, and Nicholas A. Oschman; individual chapters, the contributors.
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Avicenna on Non-conceptual Content and Self-Awareness in Non-human Animals
(Springer International Publishing, 2016)
Avicenna’s contributions to what might be called animal cognition are not confined to a novel understanding of Aristotle’s psychology, but they raise an issue that is still a matter of discussion in contemporary philosophy of mind: whether non-human animals have consciousness and intentional states that constitute a structured experience of their relation to the world, even though they do not have conceptual knowledge. This paper provides an explanation of Avicenna’s position concerning the cognitive content of sense perception and self-awareness in non-human animals as an attempt to show that Avicenna’s stance should be considered in the current discussion as an alternative that provides a provocative solution to a mainstream issue in contemporary philosophy. ©2016, Springer International Publishing.
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