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The Emergence of the Concept in Early Greek Philosophy
(Cambridge University Press, 2024)
In ‘The Emergence of the Concept in Early Greek philosophy’, André Laks argues that we can trace the first inklings of thinking about concepts by paying close attention to early Greek answers to the following three questions: how is perceptual information reached and processed by the mind, what is the relationship between perception and thinking, and how do the early Greek philosophers account for name-giving? First, Laks discusses whether the explanations of sensory mechanisms offered by the early Greek philosophers as well as by the medical authors might have prepared the ground for later theories of concept formation. Second, he argues that we should resist the Aristotelian report according to which the early Greek philosophers identified thinking with perceiving. In fact, we have good reasons to assume that early Greek philosophers attempted to offer an account of the process of thinking. The final section of the chapter turns to the question of the relationship between giving names to things, and forming and grasping the corresponding concept. ©The author ©Cambridge University Press.
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Souls and Cosmos before Plato : Five Short Doxographical Studies
(Cambridge University Press, 2021)
This article shows how two basic meanings of psukhē – namely ‘breath’ and ‘life’– may have helped Platonising or for that matter Stoicising doxographers to lend to various pre-Platonic philosophers the view that the world is ‘ensouled’. I do not try to systematically reconstruct how these cosmo-philosophers conceived the relationship between the world and what was to become ‘the soul’. I do suggest, however, that framing the problem in terms of ‘breath’ and ‘life’ helps us in getting a more adequate understanding both of the authentic evidence and of the history of its reception. Indeed, to the extent that it is possible, I try to reconstruct the interpretive steps that led, with various degrees of legitimacy, from the original wording to its Platonising or Stoicising deformations, which remain all too often the framework of analysis in modern interpretations. Five case studies are considered: Thales, Anaximenes, Heraclitus, some Pythagoreans and Alcmeon. ©The author. ©Cambridge University Press.
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Recovering Causality? Ibn Taymiyya on the Creation of the World
(Routledge, 2023-01-01)
Most philosophical and theological conceptions on causality (taʿlīl) within the Islamic context are related to one of the subjects that has received most attention in scholarly literature, namely, the creation of the world. Given the enormous amount of literature that exists on causality, creation, and the nature of God as creator within the Islamic context, in this chapter I do not intend to reconstruct in detail the arguments of Avicenna (d. 1037), al-Ghazālī (d. 1111), Averroes (d. 1098), and Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī (d. 1209). Nevertheless, I shall revisit some of their views to introduce the discussion I want to undertake, that is, the recovery of causality in the 14th-century religious controversial thinker Ibn Taymiyya (d. 1328). For Ibn Taymiyya, both philosophy (falsafa) and theology (kalām) were two innovative disciplines that encroached upon traditional views of religion. One would expect, from someone engaged to traditional Islam, that he would advocate creatio ex nihilo. However, Ibn Taymiyya was opposed to both the kalāmic notion of creatio ex nihilo and Avicenna’s conception of eternal emanation. While Ibn Taymiyya had plenty of disagreements with the philosophers, he endorsed perpetual creation, an idea already found in Avicenna and Averroes. Several works have recently been published pointing out the influence of Averroes on Ibn Taymiyya. It is well-known that Averroes refuted al-Ghazālī’s denial of natural causality. In addition to Averroes, Ibn Taymiyya, an ‘anti-philosophical’ thinker, also recovered the notion of causality. Here I discuss to what extent Ibn Taymiyya takes up causality as understood by Averroes and to what extent he breaks away from him. ©Routledge
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Cause and Explanation in Ancient Philosophy
(Routledge, 2023-01-01)
;
Vázquez, Daniel
This volume offers an updated analysis of the use, meaning, and scope of the classical notion of aitia. It clarifies philosophical and philological questions about aitia and offers bold and innovative interpretations of this key concept of ancient philosophy. The numerous meanings and nuances of aitia remain difficult to grasp. Ancient philosophers use aitia to explain the existence and activity of substances, bodies, souls, or gods. Paradoxically, its own definition remains difficult to establish. This book reconstructs some of the most important uses, variants, and scopes of the term aitia within different philosophical perspectives in antiquity, including early Greek philosophy, Plato, Aristotle, Stoicism, and Islamic philosophy. The chapters analyze metaphysical aspects, epistemological issues, and logical implications of aitia. They engage with the most relevant critical literature generated in several modern languages. In doing so, they offer an inclusive and overarching re-evaluation of our assumptions about causation and explanation in ancient philosophy. Cause and Explanation in Ancient Philosophy will be of interest to scholars and advanced students working on Pre-Socratic philosophy, Plato, Aristotle, Hellenistic philosophy, late antiquity, and medieval philosophy. ©Routledge.
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Articulating the De Motu Animalium: The Place of the Treatise within the Corpus Aristotelicum
(Oxford University Press, 2020)
This contribution locates the treatise De Motu Animalium within the Aristotelian oeuvre as a whole. It pays special attention to a section in De Anima III 10, where Aristotle announces another treatment that will deal with functions that are common to body and soul. Accordingly, the contribution tries to specify the kind of hylomorphism that is implied by this announcement. ©The author. ©2020 Oxford University Press.
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