Munoz, Edgardo
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Preferred name
Munoz, Edgardo
Official Name
Muñoz López, José Edgardo
Alternative Name
emunoz
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ORCID
Scopus Author ID
57203245714
Researcher ID
T-3404-2018

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Publication

Sustainability in Global Supply Chains Under the CISG

2021 , Ingeborg Schwenzer , Munoz, Edgardo

In this article, the authors assert that the United Nations Convention for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) can contribute to tackling gaps in statutory legislation and defective business conduct that have been associated with unsustainable trade in Global Supply Chains (GSCs). The authors provide evidence that the CISG contains rules enabling a general legal framework for establishing uniform sustainable standards for goods concerning suppliers, sellers and buyers located in different countries. For instance, the CISG provisions on contract formation ease the incorporation of joint codes of conduct for sustainable trade in GSCs. In addition, the contracting parties’ circumstances and current trade usages are now more relevant to determine what constitutes conformity of the goods under the contract and the default warranties in Article 35 CISG. On the level of remedies, the authors show that best-efforts provisions, possibly included in a code of conduct or inferred from standards applicable to the goods, may redefine the notion of impediment in Article 79 CISG, which could lead to exoneration of liability for the seller. They also demonstrate why fundamental breach and the calculation of damages are at the centre of the discussion regarding the remedies for breach of an obligation to deliver sustainable goods.

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Software technology in CISG contracts

2019 , Munoz, Edgardo

Abstract Software technology has changed the way businesses operate and the items traded globally. These advances demand a fast and adequate evolution of the law. This paper supports the view that the CISG is equipped with the rules needed to address recent changes in software technology; it demonstrates how the general legal principles, upon which the CISG is based, may serve to achieve a proper interpretation and supplementation of this uniform sales law. The author submits, for instance, that a dynamic notion of goods, which includes software, can be revealed by considering the parties’ main obligations under the Convention. In addition, he advocates for a modern understanding of CISG terms in order to apply the rules on contract formation to new realities. Finally, he highlights some performance issues that may arise in the sale of software, including specific methods of examination, and of giving notice of any lack of conformity.

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El derecho de los contratos y de la compraventa en Iberoamérica

2015 , Munoz, Edgardo

GDL

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Publication

Duty to renegotiate and contract adaptation in case of hardship

2019 , Ingeborg Schwenzer , Munoz, Edgardo

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COVID-19 and related public and private measures as an impediment to perform contracts governed by the CISG

2021 , Munoz, Edgardo

he 1980 UN Convention on the International Sale of Goods ("CISG") contains a provision that governs the consequences of certain events that obstruct the agreed performance of the contract, with no specific reference to domestic law theories such as acts of God, force majeure, or hardship. Pertinently, Article 79 of the CISG relieves a party from paying damages only if the breach of contract was due to an unforeseeable impediment beyond its control.1 This paper addresses the application ofArticle 79 CISG to govern situations oflegal, economic, and factual impediments resulting from COVID- 19 or the public and private measures undertaken to control its spread in society. It also provides some guidelines to determine the existence of COVID-19 related impediments under the purview of Article 79 CISG. It sets out examples of COVID-19 measures implemented by governments and businesses and the common contractual breaches resulting from such measures as well as their legal consequences. The objective of this paper is to promote uniformity in the CISG application and the observance of good faith in international trade pursuant to Article 7 ClSG.

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Publication

Mexican Punitive Damages in Commercial Arbitration: Forecasting the Future

2018 , Munoz, Edgardo

In February 2014, the Supreme Court of Mexico, citing US scholarship and case law, held that punitive damages had to be awarded to a tort plaintiff as part of the indemnity afforded by Mexican law under the heading of moral damages (daños morales). Before this landmark decision, nothing similar to punitive damages existed in the Mexican legal system. In the context of arbitral proceedings, this new interpretation of moral damages gives rise to two questions at the core of the international discussion on punitive damages and arbitration. The first has regard to the power of arbitral tribunals with seat in Mexico to award punitive relief when the applicable substantive law, including Mexican law, contemplates it. The second is the possibility of enforcing foreign-based law punitive damages awards in Mexico. Despite the early stage and still incipient discussion regarding the true nature and application of punitive damages in Mexico, the author forecasts that, while they may be an available relief in arbitration proceedings in Mexico, this decision is a rare exception and their quantum limited. In addition, Anglo-American law based punitive damages awards may still find a public policy obstacle for their enforcement or grounds for their nullity in Mexico.

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Elementos, umbral y quantum de los daños punitivos en el derecho mexicano

2021 , Munoz, Edgardo

Durante la última década, la jurisprudencia de la Suprema Corte de Justicia dela Nación ha modificado de forma profunda los contenidos y alcances del derecho de daños en México. Derivado de estas decisiones, ha habido una redefinición de la reparación del daño y un renovado interés por el tema. El libro que tiene ante sí tiene el propósito de responder a nuevos interrogantes a partir de textos de un grupo diverso de autores, nacionales y extranjeros, reunidos por el Centro de Estudios Constitucionales, que invitan a entablar una conversación profunda sobre diversos aspectos del derecho de daños. Las autoras y autores de esta obra abordan, desde una perspectiva de derecho comparado, el resurgimiento del derecho de daños en el país por la vía judicial; los desafíos de la cuantificación de la indemnización; las implicaciones de la constitucionalización del derecho de daños; la idoneidad de la incorporación de la figura de daños punitivos en sistemas de tradición civilista; la función expresiva de la reparación del daño; las posibles excepciones al nexo causal en el derecho de daños y la vinculación de la reparación del daño con las acciones colectivas en materia ambiental.

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Narratives en l'ensenyament del dret: un estudi de cas

2018 , Munoz, Edgardo

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Global sales and contract law

2022 , Munoz, Edgardo

This book provides a comparative analysis of domestic laws on contracts and sales in over sixty countries to deliver a global view of domestic and international sales law. The book reports on the real practice of sales law, taking into account present-day problems. Complex questions on the obligations under a sales contract, the ways in which these are established, as well as the remedies following the breach of obligations, are all discussed. The book encompasses all aspects of a sale of goods transaction and takes a wide view of sale by including general contract law. Since the first edition, new case law and legislation have emerged changing the content of the law on contracts and sales in some countries, and changes to the law of contract have been implemented in Argentina, France, Hungary, and Japan. Additionally, there have been 16 further country adoptions of the CISG. The UNIDROIT PICC was updated in 2016, and the ICC released new editions of its INCOTERMS© and force majeure and hardship clauses in 2020. International or multilateral developments that were in prospect (and some which were not) when writing the original edition have now either evolved or disappeared. This new edition provides a fresh comparative analysis of domestic laws and international developments, whilst considering the new case law applying and interpreting uniform projects like the CISG and the UNIDROIT PICC, and the influence this may have in the domestic law on contracts and sales.

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Otorgamiento y cuantificación de los daños punitivos en México. Una propuesta a la luz del derecho comparado

2022 , Munoz, Edgardo , Rodolfo Vázquez Cabello

En este artículo, los autores realizan un análisis comparativo de los elementos del daño punitivo mexicano, el umbral de negligencia e ilicitud que son necesarios para su otorgamiento, así como una propuesta de método para su cuantificación. A pesar de los grandes esfuerzos realizados por la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación para la incorporación de este tipo de daños en México, no existía aún claridad en cuanto a los elementos a considerar para su otorgamiento, el umbral que debe alcanzarse en cada uno de ellos, así como la fórmula para cuantificarlos. Este artículo intenta llenar esas lagunas a partir del método funcional del derecho comparado y, por lo tanto, constituirse en una valiosa aportación a la doctrina sobre el tema.

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