Scalzo, Germán
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Scalzo, Germán
Official Name
Scalzo Molina, Germán Roberto
Alternative Name
gscalzo
Scalzo, Germán Roberto
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ORCID
Scopus Author ID
57189442501
Researcher ID
FQV-2175-2022

Research Output
Now showing 1 - 10 of 47
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Del dominio a la propiedad individual

2016 , Martínez Echevarría, Miguel Alfonso , Scalzo, Germán

El presente artículo presenta una reflexión sobre la riqueza o el “modo humano de tener”, tanto desde una perspectiva privada –relacionada con la noción de dominium–,como pública –ius o derecho–. Tras una fundamentación antropológica del dominio, se analiza su evolución histórica y en especial el extraño caso del “dominio sin propiedad” que propone la pobreza voluntaria franciscana y que da lugar a una visión espiritualista del dominio. Esta perspectiva contribuiría a que en la modernidad se produjera un cierto enfrentamiento entre las nociones de derecho y ley. Esta tensión, presente en la filosofía de Suárez, es fundamental para comprender las interpretaciones modernas del dominio como un derecho de propiedad individual. ©2016 Cauriensia, Universidad de Extremadura.

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Circular subsidiarity: Humanizing work through relational goods

2024 , González, Ana Marta , Scalzo, Germán

The Fourth Industrial Revolution based on digitalization, the development of AI, robotics, big data, and increasing automation is dredging up older debates on the end of human work. This article contributes to this debate arguing that these changing circumstances represent an opportunity to advance a renewed consideration of human work. By emphasizing its most distinctively human dimensions, including gratuitousness, relationality, and meaningfulness, we propose the articulation of a social model that recognizes relational goods as a specific contribution of human work in an attempt to overcome the state and the market's monopoly of public life built around the dichotomy between the private and the public. Such a social model is based on the concept of circular subsidiarity, which represents a departure from traditional notions of subsidiarity by promoting a dynamic and reciprocal interplay between three essential societal spheres: the state, the market, and organized civil society, all of which have their role to fulfill by providing security, efficiency, and relational goods. Ultimately, this article suggests that circular subsidiarity can lead to a more inclusive and equitable social model by acknowledging how relational goods not only humanize civil society but also sustain the functioning of both the market and the state. ©Wiley

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The Interprocessual-Self Theory in Support of Human Neuroscience Studies

2022 , Luis, Elkin O. , Akrivou, Kleio , Bermejo-Martins, Elena , Scalzo, Germán , Orón, José Víctor

Rather than occurring abstractly (autonomously), ethical growth occurs in interpersonal relationships (IRs). It requires optimally functioning cognitive processes [attention, working memory (WM), episodic/autobiographical memory (AM), inhibition, flexibility, among others], emotional processes (physical contact, motivation, and empathy), processes surrounding ethical, intimacy, and identity issues, and other psychological processes (self-knowledge, integration, and the capacity for agency). Without intending to be reductionist, we believe that these aspects are essential for optimally engaging in IRs and for the personal constitution. While they are all integrated into our daily life, in research and academic work, it is hard to see how they are integrated. Thus, we need better theoretical frameworks for studying them. That study and integration thereof are undertaken differently depending on different views of what it means to live as a human being. We rely on neuroscientific data to support the chosen theory to offer knowledge to understand human beings and interpersonal relational growth. We should of course note that to describe what makes up the uniqueness of being, acting, and growing as a human person involves something much more profound which requires too, a methodology that opens the way for a theory of the person that responds to the concerns of philosophy and philosophical anthropology from many disciplines and methods (Orón Semper, 2015; Polo, 2015), but this is outside the scope of this study. With these in mind, this article aims to introduce a new explanatory framework, called the Interprocessual-self (IPS), for the neuroscientific findings that allow for a holistic consideration of the previously mentioned processes. Contributing to the knowledge of personal growth and avoiding a reductionist view, we first offer a general description of the research that supports the interrelation between personal virtue in IRs and relevant cognitive, emotional, and ethic-moral processes. This reveals how relationships allow people to relate ethically and grow as persons. We include conceptualizations and descriptions of their neural bases. Secondly, with the IPS model, we explore neuroscientific findings regarding self-knowledge, integration, and agency, all psychological processes that stimulate inner exploration of the self concerning the other. We find that these fundamental conditions can be understood from IPS theory. Finally, we explore situations that involve the integration of two levels, namely the interpersonal one and the social contexts of relationships. Copyright © 2022 Luis, Akrivou, Bermejo-Martins, Scalzo and Orón.

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Autonomous Self and Inter-Processual Self: Two Ways of Explaining How People “See” and Live Relationships and the Resulting Dialogue Between Science and Faith

2019 , Orón, José Víctor , Akrivou, Kleio , Scalzo, Germán

The relationship between science and faith is not a given, nor is it objectively defined, but rather depends on personal ways of approaching this relationship. Accordingly, it can be lived as a conflict, i.e. as agency striving to master independent and separate domains or as a process of dialogue or an integral relationship. In this chapter, we suggest that adopting one stance or the other depends on factors that go beyond the rational assessment that a person makes of science or faith. To explain the perspective that people adopt, cross-disciplinary theoretical insights relevant to human beings and their development are decisive. Based on previous research consolidating several theoretical proposals across a diverse disciplinary orientation (mainly philosophy, psychology and neuroscience), we suggest that there are two contrasting paradigms for conceiving of the self and human development, namely, the autonomous self (AS) and the inter-processual self (IPS) (Akrivou K, Orón JV: Challenges of capitalism for virtue and the common good: Inter-disciplinary perspectives. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 2016). We purport here that, depending on which of these two corresponding backgrounds characterises the person, people will ‘see’ and live the relationship—dialogue between science and faith—differently.© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Part of Springer Nature.

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Génesis del pensamiento económico: dos visiones en pugna

2015 , Scalzo, Germán

A finales del siglo XVIII, tras la publicación de La Riqueza de las Naciones (Smith, 1776), se consolida un cambio de paradigma en el modo de concebir la economía, caracterizado por una progresiva “naturalización” o “despersonalización”, que es comúnmente aceptado como la génesis de la ciencia económica. Desde esta perspectiva, la economía se considera un proceso necesario que responde a leyes tan objetivas como las de la física; “descubrirlas” sería la tarea propia del economista. El presente trabajo cuestiona esta visión apodíctica a través de una aproximación a la concepción de la actividad económica en los mismos orígenes del pensamiento filosófico –puntualmente, en las posturas platónica y aristotélica, dos propuestas originales que conforman la génesis del pensamiento económico– con el objeto de mostrar que existe una estrecha relación entre una noción de economía y la concepción antropológica subyacente. © Cauriensia

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Pricing for a Common Good: beyond Ethical Minimalism in Commercial Practices

2021 , Pinto-Garay, Javier , Ferrero, Ignacio , Scalzo, Germán

Pricing policies and fair-trade practices are critical for sustaining commercial relationships between firms and customers. Nevertheless, in current business practices, fairness has been mistakenly reduced to a minimalistic ethic wherein justice only demands legal and explicit norms to which commercial parties voluntarily agree. Aimed at giving a different explanation of commercial agreements, this paper will introduce a Virtue Ethics (VE) explanation of the relationship between pricing and the common good by taking up classical concepts related to justice in commerce. In particular, we will explore three principles associated with the notion of fairness in commerce as defined in Neo-Aristotelian ethics towards a relationship between a common good and justice in pricing, i.e., proportionality, benevolence and well-being. To exemplify how these criteria of justice apply to decision-making in commercial practices, we will discuss several cases of fair and unfair commercial relationships. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG part of Springer Nature.

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Sobre contratos y usura en Manuel Rodríguez, el Lusitano

2016 , Aspe-Armella, Virginia , Scalzo, Germán

En este artículo se analiza la obra Suma de casos de conciencia, del portugués Manuel Rodríguez –el Lusitano–, con el fin de obtener una mayor comprensión de la proyección del pensamiento económico de la Escuela de Salamanca. El estudio de este autor de la segunda mitad del siglo XVI permite profundizar en la evolución de dicha Escuela, mediante la comparación entre los distintos modos de responder a los desafíos que se fueron presentando a través del tiempo. Los elementos comunes a la Escuela en su evolución permiten delinear el espíritu que inspiró a estos teólogos morales y son una oportunidad para encontrar claves que permitan interpretar la vida económica actual desde una antropología de la justicia. ©2016 Cauriensia, Universidad de Extremadura.

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Balancing Work, Family, and Personal Life in the Mexican Context: The Future of Work for the “COVID-19 Generation”

2021 , Scalzo, Germán , Terán-Bustamante, Antonia , Martínez Velasco, Antonieta Teodora

Intergenerational talent management—i.e., attracting and retaining employees across generations and with different motivations—is one of companies’ greatest challenges. The expectations that recent generations bring with them have pushed culture in the direction of work-family balance, which is now seen as a key tool for human resources departments in charge of creating support mechanisms to attract and retain the next generation of workers. This trend has been reinforced by the changes brought about in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Responding to this shift, and inspired by the challenges that our “new normal” posits, this chapter presents research results from a survey conducted in Mexico with respondents from generations Y and Z. The survey results offer important insight into how these generations perceive work-life balance, as well as the expectations that young Mexicans between the ages of 18 and 30 hold in terms of family and work.

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How much (more) is fair to pay? The ethics of merit in assessing poverty wages in organizations

2024 , Pinto, Javier , Scalzo, Germán

Purpose: This study aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of poverty salaries and minimum wage in light of virtue ethics and a new natural law perspective on work. Design/methodology/approach: Existing approaches to poverty wages are critically examined, including the nonworseness claim and legal minimalism. This paper introduces a more nuanced framework, taking into account the concepts of merit and participation in light of virtue ethics. Research limitations/implications: Empirical research is needed to validate the practical application of the proposed conceptual framework for addressing poverty wages. Practical implications: The paper provides better decisional arguments for employers concerned with poverty salaries in their organizations considering the moral dimensions of wage policies and employee well-being, offering guidance for potential adjustments in compensation practices. It also contributes to the discourse on social and economic justice by emphasizing the moral obligations of organizations in fostering a just and dignified work environment without the employee's participation. Originality/value: This paper presents a novel approach that blends virtue ethics and new natural law principles, emphasizing the moral responsibilities of employers and organizations in addressing the conditions of the working poor. It also highlights the potential for a “lesser evil” situation, morally acceptable when it serves as a transitional phase aimed at improving working conditions and employee well-being. ©Emerald.

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Significado de la ética profesional : el caso de estudiantes de ciencias empresariales

2019 , Scalzo, Germán , Galbán-Lozano, Sara-Elvira , Ortega-Barba, Claudia-Fabiola

Este trabajo de corte cualitativo tiene como objetivo mostrar los significados y experiencias de estudiantes de las áreas de ciencias económicas y empresariales en torno a la ética profesional, la cual por su misma naturaleza, no tiene como fin el mero conocimiento sino su aplicación práctica, en donde actúan los aprendizajes internalizados, como modelos para la acción. Dentro de los hallazgos más significativos se encontró que los estudiantes valoran la formación ética que les ofrece la universidad como complemento de su formación técnica, sin embargo, consideran necesario el uso de estrategias innovadoras para su enseñanza. Los significados que muestran sobre la ética van desde lo personal hasta lo profesional pasando por lo social, resaltando el carácter relacional de la misma. © 2019 Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia. All rights reserved.

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