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Preparation of Hybrid Films Based in Aluminum 8-Hydroxyquinoline as Organic Semiconductor for Photoconductor Applications

2023 , Sánchez Vergara, María Elena , Cantera Cantera, Luis Alberto , Ríos, Citlalli , Salcedo, Roberto , Lozada Flores, Octavio , Dutt, Ateet

In the present work, we have investigated an organic semiconductor based on tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (AlQ3) doped with tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), which can be used as an organic photoconductor. DFT calculations were carried out to optimize the structure of semiconductor species and to obtain related constants in order to compare experimental and theoretical results. Subsequently, AlQ3-TCNQ films with polypyrrole (Ppy) matrix were fabricated, and they were morphologically and mechanically characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Atomic Force Microscopy techniques. The maximum stress for the film is 8.66 MPa, and the Knoop hardness is 0.0311. The optical behavior of the film was also analyzed, and the optical properties were found to exhibit two indirect transitions at 2.58 and 3.06 eV. Additionally, photoluminescence measurements were carried out and the film showed an intense visible emission in the visible region. Finally, a photoconductor was fabricated and electrically characterized. Applying a cubic spline approximation to fit cubic polynomials to the J-V curves, the ohmic to SCLC transition voltage VON and the trap-filled-limit voltage VTFL for the device were obtained. Then, the free carrier density and trap density for the device were approximated to n0=4.4586×10191m3 and Nt=3.1333×10311m3, respectively.

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Design of Promising Uranyl(VI) Complexes Thin Films with Potential Applications in Molecular Electronics

2024 , Monzón González, César Raúl , Sánchez Vergara, María Elena , Elías-Espinosa, Milton Carlos , Rodríguez-Valencia, Sergio Arturo , Byron José López‐Mayorga , López-Mayorga, Byron José , Castillo-Arroyave, José León , Toscano, Rubén Alfredo , Lozada Flores, Octavio , Álvarez Toledano, Cecilio

In this work, it is proposed the development of organic semiconductors (OS) based on uranyl(VI) complexes. The above by means of the synthesis and the characterization of the complexes by Infrared spectroscopy, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction. Films of these complexes were deposited and subsequently, topographic and structural characterization was carried out by Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Atomic Force Microscopy. Additionally, the nanomechanical evaluation was performed to know the stiffness of uranyl films using their modulus of elasticity. Also, the optical characterization took place in the devices and their bandgap value ranges between 2.40 and 2.93 eV being the minor for the film of the uranyl complex with the N on pyridine in position 4 (2 c). Finally, the electrical behavior of the uranyl(VI) films was evaluated, and important differences were obtained: the uranyl complex with the N on pyridine in position 2 (2 a) film is not influenced by changes in lighting and its current density is in the order of 10-3 A/cm2 . The film with uranyl complex with the N on pyridine in position 3 (2 b) and 2 c presents a greater current flow under lighting conditions and two orders of magnitude larger than in film 2 a. In these films 2 b and 2 c, ohmic behavior occurs at low voltages, while at high voltages the charge transport changes to space-charge limited current behavior. © 2024 The Authors. ChemistryOpen published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.

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Organic Semiconductor Devices Fabricated with Recycled Tetra Pak®-Based Electrodes and para-Quinone Methides

2024 , Sánchez Vergara, María Elena , Santillán Esquivel, Eva Alejandra , Ballinas-Indilí, Ricardo , Lozada Flores, Octavio , Miranda-Ruvalcaba, René , Álvarez-Toledano, Cecilio

This work presents the synthesis of para-quinone methides (p-QMs), which were deposited as films using the high vacuum sublimation technique after being chemically characterized. The p-QMs films were characterized morphologically and structurally using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. In addition, their optical behavior was studied by means of ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and the optical gaps obtained were in the range of 2.21–2.71 eV for indirect transitions, indicating the semiconductor behavior of the p-QMs. The above was verified through the manufacture and evaluation of the electrical behavior of rigid semiconductor devices, in which fluorine-doped tin oxide-coated glass slides (FTO) were used as an anode and substrate. Finally, as an original, ecological, and low-cost application, the FTO was replaced by substrates and anodes made from recycled Tetra Pak®, generating flexible semiconductor devices. Although the electrical current transported depends on the type of p-QMs, the substituent in its structure, and the morphology, the kinds of substrate and anode also influence the type of electrical behavior of the device. This current–voltage study demonstrates that p-QM2 with 4-Cl-Ph as a radical, p-QM3 with 4-Et2N-Ph as a radical, and p-QM6 with 5-(1,3-benzodioxol) as a radical can be used in optoelectronics as semiconductor films. ©The authors ©MDPI