Editorial: Artificial intelligence in brain-computer interfaces and neuroimaging for neuromodulation and neurofeedback

Neuromodulation and neurofeedback are two alternative non-pharmacological ways of treating neurological related diseases and disorders (Grazzi et al., 2021; Hamed et al., 2022). Neuromodulation refers to as the modulation of brain function via the application of weak direct current (Lewis et al., 2016). Neurofeedback is a psychophysiological procedure that provides models of neural activity to subjects aiming to control them online (Marzbani et al., 2016). Both alternatives have been successfully applied in a variety of neurological conditions including Parkinson's disease, chronic pain, epilepsy, depression, essential tremor, among many others (Tsatali et al., 2019; Baptista et al., 2020; Hamed et al., 2022). Typical challenges in these types of treatment are related to the way of collecting data, the improvement in the efficiency of the methods, the interpretability of feedback signals, to name a few (Johnson et al., 2013; Lewis et al., 2016; Marzbani et al., 2016; Papo, 2019). © 2023 Frontiers Media S.A. All rights reserved