Viable and Sustainable Model for Adoption of New Technologies in Industry 4.0 and 5.0: Case Study on Pellet Manufacturing

This manuscript presents the development and testing of a novel model designed to help organizations, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), address the challenges of integrating new technologies within the frameworks of Industry 4.0 and 5.0. The proposed model is a metamodel that evaluates organizational and contextual vulnerabilities concerning both existing technologies and potential external technologies under consideration for adoption. It synthesizes three foundational frameworks: the Viable System Model (VSM), the principles of viable and sustainable systems, and the Technology, Organization, and Environment (TOE) Model. The findings demonstrate the practical applicability of this model in an SME context, showcasing its ability to facilitate the gradual and sustainable adoption of new technologies. By aligning business needs with technological solutions and leveraging insights from computer science and organizational cybernetics, the model adapts to varying levels of technological adoption, integrating organizational dynamics and business evolution to support the implementation of emerging technologies.

1. Introduction -- 2. New Technology Adoption -- 3. Cybernetic Organizational -- 4. Model Description -- 4.1. The Importance of the 0–4 Criterion -- 4.2. Principles and Processes -- 5. Application -- 6. Discussion -- 7. Conclusions.