Total Gestational Weight Gain Is Explained by Leptin and Body Fat, Regardless of Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index and Other Adipokines, in Mexican Adolescents

Gabriela Chico-Barba; Reyna Sámano; Hugo Martínez-Rojano; Rosa María Morales-Hernández; Edgar Barrientos-Galeana; Andrea Luna-Hidalgo; Martha Kaufer-Horwitz; Gregorio T. Obrador; Antonio Rafael Villa-Romero

doi:10.3390/nu16132147

Total Gestational Weight Gain Is Explained by Leptin and Body Fat, Regardless of Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index and Other Adipokines, in Mexican Adolescents

Journal

Nutrients

ISSN

2072-6643

Date Issued

2024

Author(s)

Gabriela Chico-Barba

Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - CampCM

Reyna Sámano

Hugo Martínez-Rojano

Rosa María Morales-Hernández

Edgar Barrientos-Galeana

Andrea Luna-Hidalgo

Martha Kaufer-Horwitz

Gregorio T. Obrador

Antonio Rafael Villa-Romero

Type

text::journal::journal article

DOI

10.3390/nu16132147

URL

https://scripta.up.edu.mx/handle/20.500.12552/11022

Abstract

Pre-pregnancy body mass index (pBMI) is a predictor of gestational weight gain (GWG). However, other factors, such as adipokines and inflammation markers, may also be associated with GWG. The aim of the study was to determine the association of leptin, adiponectin, irisin, and C-reactive protein, with GWG in adolescents. A longitudinal study was conducted from 2018 to 2023 in adolescents with a clinically healthy pregnancy. The assessments included sociodemographic and clinical data, pBMI, percent of body fat, serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, irisin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and total GWG adequacy. Cox regression models were performed, the outcome variables were inadequate and excessive GWG. In 198 participants, being overweight/obesity was marginally associated with a protective effect against inadequate GWG (HR = 0.44, 95%CI = 0.18–1.06), regardless of maternal characteristics and adipokines. Leptin (HR = 1.014, 95%CI = 1.008–1.021), and body fat percent (HR = 1.11, 95%CI = 1.05–1.17) were associated with a higher risk of excessive GWG, independent of other maternal variables such as pBMI, while adiponectin was associated with a lower risk. These findings suggest that, in Mexican adolescents, adipose tissue and its adipokines during pregnancy may play a more significant role in the final GWG than body weight.