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    Scopus© Citations 53  2  2
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    Scopus© Citations 2  24  2
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    Scopus© Citations 27  6  1
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    Directionality of FIV3 ground-motion intensities during the 6 February 2023 Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye earthquake doublet
    (2024-05)
    Miguel Bravo-Haro
    ;
    Pablo Heresi
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    ;
    Eduardo Miranda
    At present time, ground-motion prediction models neglect the directionality observed in horizontal components of earthquake ground motions, that is, the important changes in ground-motion intensity that occur with changes in azimuth. This study presents an investigation of the directionality of a recently proposed measure of ground-motion intensity during the 6 February 2023, Mw 7.8 Pazarcık and Mw 7.5 Elbistan earthquake doublet in the Kahramanmaraş region of Türkiye, which resulted in the collapse of more than 35,000 buildings and caused almost 60,000 fatalities. The studied intensity measure is referred to as FIV3, which has been shown to be better correlated with structural collapse than the spectral acceleration at the fundamental period of the structure. The improved intensity measure is period-dependent and is computed as the sum of the three largest incremental velocities with the same polarity obtained from the area under segments of a low-pass filtered ground acceleration time series. The following aspects are studied in this article: variation of FIV3 intensity with changes in the orientation; variation of FIV3 intensity with changes in the period of vibration; attenuation of FIV3 intensities with increasing distance; and spatial distribution of the orientation of maximum FIV3 intensity. This study is based on 231 pairs of records from the Mw 7.8 main event and 222 pairs of records from the Mw 7.5 event. Similarly to the directionality of spectral ordinates, it is found that the directionality of FIV3 intensity also increases with increasing period. Strong directionality occurred not only in the near field but up to distances as large as 400 km from the epicenter. The orientation of maximum FIV3 intensity is found to occur close to the transverse orientation, consistent with observations for the orientation of maximum spectral ordinates during strike-slip earthquakes.
    Scopus© Citations 1  15
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    Scopus© Citations 10  48  1
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    Overview of collapsed buildings in Mexico City after the 19 September 2017 (M<sub>w</sub>7.1) earthquake
    (2020)
    Francisco A. Galvis
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    Eduardo Miranda
    ;
    Pablo Heresi
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    ;
    Jorge Ruiz-García
    <jats:p>An intraslab normal-faulting earthquake struck the central region of Mexico on 19 September 2017, leading to the collapse of 44 buildings in Mexico City. After the earthquake, the authors collected information in situ and through social media about the collapsed buildings, which was statistically processed to identify the causes of their collapse. This article presents the main collapse statistics, which revealed that 64% of the collapsed buildings had between 1 and 5 stories, 61% had a seismic-force-resisting system based on reinforced concrete columns with flat slabs, 57% experienced a soft-story mechanism, 91% were built before 1985, 43% were located at the corner blocks, and 10% exhibited pounding with neighboring buildings. The spatial distribution of the collapsed buildings and the recorded ground motion features suggest that short- and medium-period buildings having well-known vulnerabilities were particularly prone to collapse under amplified high-frequency seismic waves typical of intraslab normal-faulting earthquakes, such as the 2017 Puebla–Morelos earthquake.</jats:p>
    Scopus© Citations 42  10  2
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    Response spectral damping modification factors for structures built on soft soils
    (2022)
    ;
    Eduardo Miranda
    ;
    James Bantis
    ;
    Cristian Cruz
    Scopus© Citations 8  39  2
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    Evaluation of the Effects of Ground Motion Duration on Structural Collapse
    (Wiley, 2025-05-27)
    Diego Montemayor
    ;
    Eduardo Miranda
    ;
    <jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title><jats:p>This study investigates the effect of strong motion duration on the earthquake‐induced structural collapse in seven moment‐resisting frame buildings when subjected to a set of 269 recorded ground motions. Intensities necessary to produce collapse by each record as a function of their corresponding significant duration show a clear descending trend of collapse capacity with increasing duration for all buildings with a fairly strong negative correlation ranging from −0.32 to −0.61. However, it is shown that the observed descending trend, which prior studies have attributed to being the result of strong motion duration, is primarily produced by characteristics of the ground motions other than duration. Results indicate that once these other characteristics of the ground motion are accounted for, the improvements in the estimates of collapse obtained by adding the explicit consideration of strong motion duration are not significant, particularly when using the next generation of intensity measures that are much better correlated with structural collapse. It is concluded that while there are some effects of strong motion duration, they are very small and in most cases negligible, such that practically the same probabilities of collapse are obtained by using scalar intensity measures that are well correlated with collapse without the explicit consideration of the strong motion duration.</jats:p>