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    Making Better Medical Decisions Using Machine Learning: A Bayesian Model
    (Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025-10-11)
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    Regulations and Laws Affecting Women’s Economic Opportunities: A Worldwide Approach
    (SAGE Publications, 2025)
    Hernández-Lara, Ana Beatriz
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    Leyva-Hernández, Sandra Nelly
    This research aims to analyze the regulations and laws that promote economic opportunities for women at an international level, predict their impact on income levels, and estimate when legal gender equality will be achieved across different regions. The countries are compared over time, based on their income levels and regional locations, considering regulatory indicators on mobility, workplace, pay, marriage, parenthood, entrepreneurship, assets, and pensions. The methodological strategy was based on machine learning methods. The results indicate a positive trend in the average scores of all regulatory indicators, revealing significant differences across groups of countries and suggesting more egalitarian regulatory frameworks for developed countries, as well as more imbalanced and less progressive frameworks for underdeveloped and developing countries. The regulatory axes that better predict a country’s income level were parenthood, analyzing laws affecting women’s work after having children; assets, which consider gender differences in ownership and inheritance; and marriage, related to the legal constraints on women affected by marriage and divorce. However, the paternity axis is the last to be achieved. ©The authors ©SAGE Publications ©SAGE Open.
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    The Most Relevant Factors in the Gender Gap in European Countries
    (Academic Conferences International Ltd, 2025)
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    Gender equality is essential for the sustainable development of all countries. It brings economic growth, improved education and health for the entire population, poverty reduction, and social and political stability as democracy is strengthened and more peaceful communities are generated. However, its study is complex and includes various dimensions. This research aims to analyze the most relevant factors of the gender gap in European countries. The methodological strategy is based on machine learning techniques applied to the Gender Equality Index, which includes the EU27 countries and was developed by EIGE. These machine-learning techniques are methods computers use to learn from data and make predictions without being explicitly programmed. This index has 31 relevant indicators that are grouped into 14 subdimensions, which are, in turn, divided into six dimensions. The relevant dimensions in the study of gender equality are I. work (5 indicators), II. Money (4 indicators), III. Knowledge (3 indicators), IV. Time (4 indicators), V. power (8 indicators), and VI. Health (7 indicators). The results show a women's gap. Three of the most relevant dimensions from this research inhibit gender equity: I. Power in its three economic, political, and social dimensions; II. Knowledge in its two dimensions of attainment, participation, and segregation, and III. Time in its dimension of social activities. Women's most significant factors for the gender gap are power, knowledge, and time. ©The authors ©International Conference on Gender Research.
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    A Conceptual Framework for Digital Transformation of Business Models: Advancing Towards Industry 5.0
    (Springer Nature Switzerland, 2026)
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    Hernández-Lara, Ana Beatriz
    Digital transformation is progressing unevenly across industries, with varying levels of success influenced by organizational and sector-specific factors. Understanding where to focus investments and what type of transformation to adopt has become a crucial challenge for companies seeking competitiveness and market relevance in the digital era. This paper aims to analyze companies’ strategic decision making to foster digital transformation, conducting a literature review, and proposing a conceptual framework for digital transformation of business models. The study identifies key drivers of successful digital transformation, including digital strategy, human capital, scalability, customer focus, security and risk management. Integrating these factors, the proposed model emphasizes the strategic alignment of digital initiatives with organizational goals, fostering a culture of continuous innovation and adaptability. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms and prerequisites for effective digital transformation, offering insights for organizations navigating the shift toward Industry 5.0. ©The authors ©Springer.
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    Management of scientific and ancestral knowledge: a decision-making model in mezcal industry in Mexico
    (Frontiers Media SA, 2025)
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    Leyva-Hernández, Sandra Nelly
    Introduction: Knowledge management is essential to ensure the sustainability of rural communities and small producers since it generates value for innovation, productivity, and competitiveness. The aim of this study is to identify relevant factors for adequate decision-making in managing knowledge in the Mexican mezcal industry and its impact on developing rural communities and small producers - mezcaleros. For this purpose, a decision-making model for managing scientific and ancestral knowledge is created to support links with universities, research centers, and rural communities to accelerate innovation and competitiveness in this sector. Methods: The analysis methods were carried out through decision-making, machine-learning techniques, and fuzzy logic. Results: The Bayesian Network model suggests that the preceding variables to optimize the Mezcaleros Knowledge Management are the Mezcaleros Indigenous community, the Denomination of Origin, Scientific and Ancestral Knowledge, Waste Management and Use, and Jima. Discussion: This knowledge management model aims to guide small producers to be more productive and competitive through the support of a facilitator. ©The authors ©Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence ©Frontiers Media SA.
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    Knowledge and innovation management model in the mezcal industry in Mexico
    (Elsevier, 2025)
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    Leyva-Hernández, Sandra Nelly
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    This research aims to study and analyze knowledge management in the mezcal sector in Mexico and its impact on the development of rural communities through Bayesian-networks with machine learning techniques. A model is made in which the critical factors that impact is identified and quantified to optimally manage the knowledge that generates value and translates into innovation and competitive advantages. The results show that the most relevant factors to adequate knowledge and innovation management are commercialization and marketing capacity, value system model, ancient knowledge, strategic business model, process management, competencies, Business structure model, Facilitators governments, universities, mezcaleros, and indigenous communities. ©The authors ©Elsevier Ltd.
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    Addressing Class Imbalance in Healthcare Data: Machine Learning Solutions for Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Preeclampsia
    (IEEE, 2024)
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    Miralles-Pechuán, Luis
    The use of machine learning in healthcare has transformed the way diseases are diagnosed and treatments are optimized. However, medical databases often lack balanced data due to challenges in data collection caused by privacy regulations. Certain health conditions are underrepresented, which hampers machine learning performance. To address this problem, a hybrid approach has been proposed that combines the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) with undersampling and uses two specific techniques tailored for imbalanced datasets. Comparative evaluations were conducted using various thresholds to reduce one class and employing Balanced Accuracy to mitigate bias toward the majority class, with popular machine learning methods. The results showed that Balanced Bagging and Balanced Random Forest consistently outperformed other methods, performing the best with an average ranking of 1.42 and 3.58 out of 32 configurations in the two datasets, respectively. Tree-based approaches such as Random Forest and Gradient Boosting demonstrated similar effectiveness, emphasizing the power of aggregating predictions from multiple trees to reduce bias. Notably, undersampling and SMOTE proved advantageous for non-tree-based models like KNN, SVM, and Logistic Regression showcasing their usefulness across different algorithms. This study provides a robust solution for handling imbalanced datasets in healthcare, which could potentially optimize healthcare interventions and improve patient outcomes and care©IEEE Latin America Transactions, The authors
    Scopus© Citations 1  11
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    Decision-making model in ancestral knowledge management: The case of the Raicilla in Mexico
    (2024)
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    Suhey Ayala-Ramírez
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    Víctor Manuel Castillo-Girón
    <jats:p>Ancestral knowledge is essential in the construction of learning to preserve the sense of relevance, transmit and share knowledge according to its cultural context, and maintain a harmonious relationship with nature and sustainability. The objective of this research is to study and analyze the management of ancestral knowledge in the production of the Raicilla to provide elements to rural communities, producers, and facilitators in decision-making to be able to innovate and be more productive, competitive, sustainable, and improve people’s quality of life. The methodological strategy was carried out through Bayesian networks and Fuzzy Logic. To this end, a model was developed to identify and quantify the critical factors that impact optimally managed technology to generate value that translates into innovation and competitive advantages. The evidence shows that the optimal and non-optimal management of knowledge, technology, and innovation management and its factors, through the causality of the variables, permits us to capture the interrelationship more adequately and manage them. The results show that the most relevant factors for adequate management of ancestral knowledge in the Raicilla sector are facilitators, denomination of origin, extraction and fermentation, and government. The proposed model will support these small producers and help them preserve their identity, culture, and customs, contributing greatly to environmental sustainability.</jats:p>
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