Background: The National Transplant Center in Mexico has ruled that deceased-donor kidney allocation is a function of each hospital's Internal Transplant Committee. The aim of this study was to compare and analyze results for of the traditional method and a point-score system in the allocation of deceased patient's kidneys. Methods: The 12 major kidney transplant centers in the country having a deceased-donor program were invited to participate. Only 3 of them replied to the invitation during 2010. A point-score system was proposed to them, comprising blood group, waiting list time, HLA type, and donor and recipient ages. Once the final recipient was chosen, an explanation of reasons for the choice was requested. Thirty-eight transplants were presented. Kappa coefficient was used to measure degree of agreement in both allocation systems. Organs donated for transplantation came from patients between 4 and 54 years old, including 52% female, 52% O+ blood type, 31% A+, and 11% B+, 44% cranial-encephalic trauma, and 44% brain hemorrhage.

Several proteins that interact with cholesterol have a highly conserved sequence, corresponding to the cholesterol recognition/interaction amino acid consensus. Since cholesterol has been proposed to modulate both oligomerization and insertion of the pro-apoptotic protein BAX, we investigated the existence of such a motif in the BAX sequence. Residues 113 to 119 of the recombinant BAX α5-helix, LFYFASK, correspond with the sequence motif described for the consensus pattern, -L/V-(X)(1-5)-Y-(X)(1-5)-R/K. Functional characterization of the point mutations, K119A, Y115F, and L113A in BAX, was performed in liposomes supplemented with cholesterol, comparing binding, integration, and pore forming activities. Our results show that the mutations Y115F and L113A changed the cholesterol-dependent insertion observed in the wild type protein. In addition, substitutions in the BAX sequence modified the concentration dependency of carboxyfluorescein release in liposomes, although neither pore activity of the wild type or of any of the mutants significantly increased in cholesterol-enriched liposomes. Thus, while it is likely that the putative CRAC motif in BAX accounts for its enhanced insertion in cholesterol-enriched liposomes; the pore forming properties of BAX did not depend on cholesterol content in the membranes, albeit those mutations changed the pore channeling activity of the protein. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. © Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes

The impact after a decade of KDOQI (Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative) chronic kidney disease (CKD) guidelines1 in Mexico is difficult to assess because outcomes data are very limited. Indirect evidence suggests that the guidelines' terminology and therapeutic target recommendations have been widely disseminated among nephrologists, as judged by the content of conferences presented at annual meetings of the Mexican nephrological societies. There is only one study that has specifically addressed adherence to mineral metabolism guidelines in the Mexican population, but it is still unpublished (R.P., unpublished data, 2007). In this study, 753 prevalent dialysis patients were examined at baseline and after at least 12 months. The percentages of patients who had serum phosphorus, calcium, and parathyroid hormone values within the recommended KDOQI target were 35%, 32%, and 12%, respectively, and the most frequent abnormalities were hyperphosphatamia, hypercalcemia, and low parathyroid hormone level. ©American Journal of Kidney Diseases © 2012 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The concurrence of a reciprocal translocation and an aneuploidy represent a rare coincidence and an interchromosome effect between these two events has been suggested. We report the case of a family with a t(1;15) in three generations which was identified through the evaluation ofa patient with classical trisomy 21 or Down syndrome. The cytogenetic analysis with GTG banding showed that the proband had a regular trisomy 21 and a balanced translocation t(1;15). FISH and microsatellite analysis were carried out in the family in order to discard an interchromosomal effect. The implications for genetic assessment are discussed. © Genetic Counseling

Purpose of Review: This report seeks to shed light on multisystem domains of interest in vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) to improve patients’ psychosocial assessment and candidacy, to decrease environmental barriers to transplant success, and to add to the discussion concerning bioethical dilemmas associated to VCA. Recent Findings: Psychosocial assessment tools cover availability, accessibility, and common sense of the treatment at microsystem and individual levels. However, macro-, exo-, and mesosystem risk factors remain unevaluated. Readers are invited to expand and complement the factors described in the review. Summary: Psychosocial assessment of individual and microsystem domains in VCA is not enough for patients in developing countries where higher contextual barriers to treatment adherence are expected. To expand contextual domains of interest, Bronfenbrenner’s social-ecological theory and Ungar’s multisystemic social-ecological theory of resilience are taken into consideration. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

In this report we present the analysis of a sporadic case of DMD and his family. In the present case, a deletion of exons 18-47 is presented which predicts abolition of the reading frame and is located between the well-known deletion hot spots of the DMD gene. This mutation was not previously reported in the Leiden database (LOVD). Both MLPA and segregation analysis with short tandem repeat markers elucidated the status of the mother, sister and the younger brother of the proband, who were not carriers of the mutation. This case provides a description of a new pathogenic variant presented as de novo mutation in a DMD patient. Haplotype analysis and complete gene screening may improve genetic counseling in cases of germline mosaicism and de novo mutations.

An International Conference on the Care of the Kidney Transplant Recipient was convened in Lisbon, Portugal from February 2–4, 2006 under the auspices of the National Kidney Foundation and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), and in cooperation with The Transplantation Society. Conference participants included over 100 experts and leaders in kidney transplantation, representing more than 40 countries from around the world, including participants from Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North American, and South America (Appendix). The goal of the conference was to develop recommendations to improve the outcomes of kidney transplant recipients worldwide with regard to the following basic medical issues: cardiovascular disease (Work Group I), cancer and infection (Work Group II), and anemia, bone disease, reproductive issues, growth and development (Work Group III). Work Groups I, II, and III addressed the preand posttransplant care of kidney transplant recipients by the following components: timelines of pre- and posttransplantation, immunosuppression, level of kidney allograft function, and burden of disease (prior history of dialysis or preemptive transplant and how that history affects outcome).

Little is known about the residues that control the binding and affinity of thiazide-type diuretics for their protein target, the renal Na(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter (NCC). Previous studies from our group have shown that affinity for thiazides is higher in rat (rNCC) than in flounder (flNCC) and that the transmembrane region (TM) 8-12 contains the residues that produce this difference. Here, an alignment analysis of TM 8-12 revealed that there are only six nonconservative variations between flNCC and mammalian NCC. Two are located in TM9, three in TM11, and one in TM12. We used site-directed mutagenesis to generate rNCC containing flNCC residues, and thiazide affinity was assessed using Xenopus laevis oocytes. Wild-type or mutant NCC activity was measured using (22)Na(+) uptake in the presence of increasing concentrations of metolazone. Mutations in TM11 conferred rNCC an flNCC-like affinity, which was caused mostly by the substitution of a single residue, S575C. Supporting this observation, the substitution C576S conferred to flNCC an rNCC-like affinity. Interestingly, the S575C mutation also rendered rNCC more active. Substitution of S575 in rNCC for other residues, such as alanine, aspartate, and lysine, did not alter metolazone affinity, suggesting that reduced affinity in flNCC is due specifically to the presence of a cysteine. We conclude that the difference in metolazone affinity between rat and flounder NCC is caused mainly by a single residue and that this position in the protein is important for determining its functional properties. © American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology

Background: Worldwide, several bodies produce renal guidelines, potentially leading to duplication of effort while other topics may remain uncovered. A collaborative work plan could improve efficiency and impact, but requires a common approved methodology. The aim of this study was to identify organizational and methodological similarities and differences among seven major renal guideline bodies to identify methodological barriers to a collaborative effort. Methods: An electronic 62-item survey with questions based on the Institute of Medicine standards for guidelines was completed by representatives of seven major organizations producing renal guidelines: the Canadian Society of Nephrology (CSN), European Renal Best Practice (ERBP), Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO), Kidney Health Australia-Caring for Australians with Renal Insufficiency (KHA-CARI), Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (KDOQI), Sociedad Latino-Americano de Nefrologia e Hipertension (SLANH) and United Kingdom Renal Association (UK-RA). © Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation

We evaluated disease knowledge/self-management skills among low-income Mexican young adults maintained on dialysis and to test the effectiveness of the A.L.L. Y.O.U. N.E.E.D. I.S. L.O.V.E (AYNIL) Manual – Spanish Version on patient-reported outcomes. This is a low literacy teaching tool designed with patients and educators' input.

Objective: To assess the predictive value of abdominal circumference growth velocity (ACGV) between the second and third trimesters to predict adverse perinatal outcomes in a cohort of small-for-gestational-age fetuses without evidence of placental insufficiency (i.e. fetal growth restriction). Material and methods: This is a single-center retrospective cohort study of all singleton pregnancies with small-for-gestational-age fetuses diagnosed and delivered at a quaternary institution. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated via logistic regression models to assess the potential association between abnormal ACGV (i.e. ≤10th centile) and adverse perinatal outcomes defined as a composite outcome (i.e. umbilical artery pH <7.1, 5-min Apgar score <7, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, hypoglycemia, intrapartum fetal distress requiring expedited delivery, and perinatal death). Furthermore, the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) of three logistic regression models based on estimated fetal weight and ACGV for predicting the composite outcome is also reported.

The Gallego general tissue stain is used in histology and histopathology and stains beautifully connective tissue, in which all nuclei are stained in magenta red, epithelial cytoplasm in red-yellow, connective tissue is stained in brilliant green, muscle in olive green, and keratinized epithelium and blood in grass green. There is also Gallego's method for differential staining of elastic tissue that enables a complete differentiation between elastic and collagenous connective tissue. The elastic tissue is stained in brilliant fuschin red, while collagen is stained in brilliant green. Abelardo Gallego was born in Spain on September 10, 1879. He was appointed as professor of Pharmacology and Therapeutics at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain, and in 1921 became full-time professor of Histology and Pathology in Madrid supported by Ramón y Cajal. Gallego conducted extensive research into veterinary pathology. Don Abelardo was a quiet, reserved, but friendly, sensitive, optimistic and persistent person. Weakened by a bout of bronchitis, Gallego died aged 51 on February 3, 1930, and was buried at the Almudena Cemetery, in Madrid. Gallego was one of the most outstanding scientists of Spanish veterinary medicine and some of his achievements are reviewed. ©Acta Histochemica

At the present time a wide variety of stem cell lineages have been explored for the treatment of ischemic cardiomyopathy; currently, the reference cells for cardiac cell therapy are cardiac stem cells (CSCs), because these cells have a specific differentiation commitment into cardiac tissues [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. In comparison with other cell types, this intrinsic commitment is inversely related to the capacity to differentiate into diverse tissues (Fig. 1). Despite this efficient differentiation, a specific immunophenotype for CSC identification is yet to be meticulously defined. In addition, the use of CSC in a clinical setting is severely hindered by their availability. These obstacles to the use of CSC for cardiac cell therapy have prompted the search for readily more attainable stem cell sources, even if they have a broader differentiation spectrum, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).

For those suffering from breast cancer, Agatha is their patron saint. She was a beautiful Christian maiden, from Catania, Sicily, who dedicated her life to God. As she rejected the love proposals of consul Quintiliano, she suffered cruel tortures. One of the tortures she suffered was to have her breast cut off, with iron shears, a detail that furnished to the Christian medieval iconography, the peculiar characteristic of Agatha. Catania honors Agatha as her patron saint and throughout the region around Mt. Etna. Saint Agatha’s feast day is February 5. All of those dedicated to the treatment and prevention of breast cancer are known as “the soldiers of Saint Agatha”.© Gaceta Médica de México.

Sarcoglycans (SGs) and sarcospan (SSPN) are transmembrane proteins of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex. Mutations in the genes encoding SGs cause many inherited forms of muscular dystrophy. In this study, using purified membranes of wild-type (WT) and δ-SG knockout (KO) mice, we found the specific localization of the SG-SSPN isoforms in transverse tubules (TT) and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membranes. Immunoblotting revealed that the absence of δ-SG isoforms in TT and SR results in a secondary deficiency of γ-SG and μSPN. Our results showed augmented ATP hydrolytic activity, ATP-dependent calcium uptake and passive calcium efflux, probably through SERCA1 in KO compared to WT mice. Furthermore, we found a conformational change in SERCA1 isolated from KO muscle as demonstrated by calorimetric analysis. Following these alterations with mechanical properties, we found an increase in force in KO muscle with the same rate of fatigue but with a decreased fatigue recovery compared to WT. Together our observations suggest, for the first time, that the δ-SG isoforms may stabilize the expression of γ-SG and μSPN in the TT and SR membranes and that this possible complex may play a role in the maintenance of a stable level of resting cytosolic calcium concentration in skeletal muscle.

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) almost invariably develop anaemia, which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, and reduced quality of life. Anaemia begins early in the course of CKD, and although treatment with erythropoietin is effective, the condition is often under‐treated. Because of the growing body of scientific literature on the significant morbidity and mortality associated with anaemia of CKD, a Renal Anaemia Management Period (RAMP) was proposed. This is defined as the time after onset of CKD when anaemia develops and requires early diagnosis and treatment. The RAMP was developed to call attention to the need to improve outcomes for patients with CKD and possibly lower the economic burden by correcting anaemia earlier. It is an important opportunity for preventive care and has the potential to limit costs associated with comorbidities of CKD.

Se llevó a cabo una encuesta a los encargados de establecimientos privados que realizan diagnóstico molecular predictivo en la Ciudad de México encontrándose que, desde la perspectiva bioética, estos estudios se enmarcan principalmente en el conflicto de intereses entre beneficencia y autonomía. Se analizó información sobre las pruebas genéticas que se ofrecen a los usuarios a fin de determinar las implicaciones éticas que esto conlleva y finalmente, poder establecer una base para una guía de práctica clínica, ya que en México no existe, prácticamente, ninguna regulación al respecto.

Background. Chronic renal disease (CRD) is a disease with a strong impact on the childhood Mexican population with short-range limiting and serious consequences. Poverty and a social environment devoid of social justice hinder timely medical attention and long-range rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to determine the differences regarding sociodemographic features in patients under treatment at Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, with a 6-year difference: patients diagnosed in 2003 as compared to those diagnosed in 2009. Methods. A retrospective comparative study was carried out with end-stage chronic renal disease (ESRD) patients with information obtained from the clinical files. Data were obtained on age, gender, renal insufficiency etiology, socioeconomic level, type of financing, place of origin, and whether patient entered a rehabilitation program (dialysis or transplant).

Los maltratos durante los estudios de medicina, y especialmente durante la especialidad, parecen ser un fenómeno presente desde tiempos muy remotos y en todas las regiones del mundo, independientemente de las culturas, los sistemas de salud o de educación. La explicación para esta observación es que existen causas profundamente ancladas en la antropología, la sociología y la psicología humana que han mantenido estas conductas que son claramente condenables desde el punto de vista ético. El descubrir y entenderlas, permite proponer nuevos abordajes para atender un viejo problema.

Introduction and objective: Granular cell tumour (GCT) is a benign neoplasm of neural/schwannian origin, usually presenting as a single asymptomatic lesion, mainly located in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue or submucosa, although multiple tumours may occur. Microscopically, GCTs are composed of large cells with abundant eosinophilic, granular cytoplasm arranged in sheets, nests, cords or trabeculae. Based on the cytological characteristics and the presence of necrosis, three types are recognized: benign, atypical and malignant. We aim to present the cytological and immunohistochemical characteristics of 12 granular cell tumours. Materials and methods: 12 cases of GCT were selected from the consultation files of one of the authors (COH) The paraffin embedded tissue was processed for immunostaining with S-100 protein, calretinin, CD68, α-inhibin, PGP9.5, CD57 (Leu7), CD63 (NKI / C3), Gap43 (growth-associated protein-43), SOX10, TFE-3 and Ki-67. © Revista Española de Patología