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    Kidney disease: Improving global outcomes (KDIGO) anemia work group. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for anemia in chronic kidney disease
    (2012)
    McMurray, John J. V.
    ;
    Parfrey, Patrick S.
    ;
    Adamson, John W.
    ;
    Aljama, Pedro
    ;
    Berns, Jeffrey S.
    The 2012 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Clinical Practice Guideline for Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease aims to provide guidance on diagnosis, evaluation, management and treatment for all CKD patients (non-dialysis, dialysis, kidney transplant recipients and children) at risk of or with anemia. Guideline development followed an explicit process of evidence review and appraisal. The guideline contains chapters addressing diagnosis and evaluation of anemia in CKD and the use of various therapeutic agents (iron, ESAs and other agents) and red cell transfusion as means of treatment. Treatment approaches are addressed in each chapter and guideline recommendations are based on systematic reviews of relevant trials. Appraisal of the quality of the evidence and the strength of recommendations followed the GRADE approach. Ongoing areas of controversies and limitations of the evidence are discussed and additional suggestions are also provided for future research.
    Scopus© Citations 829  34  2
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    Iron management in chronic kidney disease: conclusions from a “Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes” (KDIGO) Controversies Conference
    (2016)
    Macdougall, Iain C.
    ;
    Bircher, Andreas J.
    ;
    Eckardt, Kai-uwe
    ;
    Obrador, Gregorio  
    ;
    Pollock, Carol A.
    Before the introduction of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) in 1989, repeated transfusions given to patients with end-stage renal disease caused iron overload, and the need for supplemental iron was rare. However, with the widespread introduction of ESAs, it was recognized that supplemental iron was necessary to optimize hemoglobin response and allow reduction of the ESA dose for economic reasons and recent concerns about ESA safety. Iron supplementation was also found to be more efficacious via intravenous compared to oral administration, and the use of intravenous iron has escalated in recent years. The safety of various iron compounds has been of theoretical concern due to their potential to induce iron overload, oxidative stress, hypersensitivity reactions, and a permissive environment for infectious processes. Therefore, an expert group was convened to assess the benefits and risks of parenteral iron, and to provide strategies for its optimal use while mitigating the risk for acute reactions and other adverse effects. Copyright © 2016 International Society of Nephrology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
    Scopus© Citations 214  19  2