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Brain Drain in Sport: Socio‐Cultural, Economic Drivers, and Policy Implications of Athlete Migration
(Wiley, 2025)
Norouzi Seyed Hossini, Rasool
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Amini, Maryam
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Moradi, Erfan
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Mohebbi, Fereshteh
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Afshar Jahanshahi, Asghar
The global sports landscape has witnessed a significant rise in athlete migration, shaped by complex socio-cultural and economic factors. This study employs a qualitative research design based on grounded theory, specifically utilizing situational analysis (SA), to examine the migration dynamics of Iranian athletes. SA was selected for its capacity to provide a comprehensive analytical framework that captures the historical context, social arenas, and positionalities influencing migration trajectories. Findings reveal that Iranian athletes' migration is primarily driven by: (1) socioeconomic instability, and (2) the network of social relationships, which collectively shape five distinct migration positions. By developing a grounded theoretical model, this study offers a nuanced typology of Iranian athlete migration, contributing to the broader discourse on sports mobility, transnationalism, and the intersection of structural constraints and individual agency in migration decisions. From a policy perspective, the study highlights the need for targeted interventions to address the root causes of migration, such as socioeconomic instability and the lack of opportunities within national sports systems. While investments in economic development, sports infrastructure, and talent retention strategies are generally believed to mitigate migration, initial improvements in these areas may not necessarily lead to less migration and could, in some cases, exacerbate the trend. This paper explores this theoretical contradiction and suggests that while investment in sports development is crucial, further research is needed to understand how such policies interact with different types of migration, including economic, forced, and temporary migration. Policies aimed at improving economic conditions for athletes, fostering talent retention strategies, and enhancing local sports infrastructures may still play a role in reducing some forms of migration, particularly if coupled with efforts to create stronger support networks and career development programs for athletes within the country. ©The authors ©Journal of Public Affairs ©Wiley.
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Strategic orientation and innovation culture: catalysts for success in the dynamic Turkish IT industry
(Emerald, 2025-04-23)
Afshar Jahanshahi, Asghar
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Sonmez Cakir, Fatma
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Adiguzel, Zafer
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Karaaslan, Nimet
Purpose: This study investigated the intricate relationships among strategic orientation, innovation culture, market turbulence, firm performance and innovation performance within information technology (IT) companies. This study aims to unravel insights that can guide the creation of an environment fostering innovation, facilitating adaptation to market changes and enhancing overall firm and innovation performance. Design/methodology/approach: IT expert-level employees in Istanbul-based IT companies participated in this research. A random sampling method was used, with 780 emails sent, yielding a 65% response rate from 508 participants. Utilizing the SmartPLS program for analysis, the questionnaire focused on “necessary” category questions, ensuring comprehensive responses. Findings: The study emphasizes the importance of prioritizing strategic orientation and innovation culture, especially in sectors characterized by intense competition and innovation, and emphasizes the need to pay attention to market turbulence to achieve a strategic advantage. Research limitations/implications: While insightful, this study acknowledges certain limitations, including its focus on IT companies in Istanbul. Consequently, the evaluation of analysis results should consider the sample size and the geographical constraint of data collection to maintain a nuanced understanding. Practical implications: The analysis outcomes provide valuable guidance for IT companies, offering insights into developing an innovation culture, navigating market volatility and understanding how strategic orientation enhances performance. This research empowers IT companies to make informed decisions for sustained success. Originality/value: This research introduces a distinctive approach to assessing the impacts of innovation culture, market turbulence and strategic orientation. By shedding light on how innovation culture and strategic direction can adapt, it offers a perspective on the influence of market turbulence on IT companies. ©The authors ©Emerald.
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Hope is not the last thing that dies: In hard economic situations, self-preservation becomes a priority over social responsibility
(Elsevier BV, 2025)
Afshar Jahanshahi, Asghar
Economic sanctions and the COVID-19 pandemic have significantly intensified perceptions of financial threat and economic hardship among employees, particularly those reliant on fixed incomes. These external pressures not only shape employees' behaviors in the workplace but also influence their broader societal engagement, often with implications for social and environmental responsibility. In the context of Iran—an economically constrained upper-middle-income country grappling with prolonged sanctions and systemic hardships—this study examines the barriers to employees' sustainability-oriented behaviors (environmental actions in the workplace) and societal behaviors (prosocial actions outside of work), both of which constitute socially responsible behaviors. Using a four-wave survey conducted over one year with 276 employees working in SMEs, we draw on Conservation of Resources (COR) Theory to reveal how sustained financial threats erode hope for the future, ultimately leading to decreased participation in both socially and environmentally responsible behaviors. This research contributes to the broader understanding of how economic hardship can undermine efforts toward sustainability and social responsibility, offering insights relevant to policymakers and organizations seeking to foster these behaviors in challenging times. Our findings serve as a stark reminder of why sustainability-oriented programs often fail, particularly in peripheral regions facing extreme economic hardship. In wealthy nations, calls for sustainability and social responsibility may seem pressing, but in many parts of the world, the immediate concern is survival. For those struggling to meet basic needs, issues like climate change and social responsibility are viewed as peripheral—"luxury” concerns that have little relevance when day-to-day survival is at stake. Policymakers must first focus on alleviating the immediate struggles that people face. Only once these fundamental needs are addressed can we expect individuals to shift their attention toward sustainability and social responsibility. ©The author ©Journal of Environmental Psychology ©Elsevier.
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Workplace adversity and the dual impact of gender on employee intentions to leave and pursue social entrepreneurship
(Emerald, 2025-02-18)
Rivas Mendoza, Milagros Isabel
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Afshar Jahanshahi, Asghar
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Pulido Joo, Luis Alexander
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Mohammad Rashed Hasan Polas
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Paredes Izaguirre, Luis Antonio
Purpose: This study explores social entrepreneurship as a viable career path for employees facing hostile workplace conditions in Peru. It examines the gender-specific effects of workplace challenges such as hostility, discrimination and sexual harassment on individuals’ aspirations for career transitions and entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 450 Peruvian workers experiencing adverse workplace conditions. Quantitative data analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between perceived workplace challenges, intentions to leave current jobs and the propensity to pursue social entrepreneurship. Gender differences were analyzed to uncover unique patterns in these relationships. Findings: Results reveal significant gender differences: females report higher levels of discrimination, while males report higher perceptions of workplace harassment. Females intending to leave their jobs demonstrated a stronger inclination toward social entrepreneurship compared to their male counterparts. These findings underline the detrimental impact of hostile work environments on employee aspirations and highlight social entrepreneurship as a meaningful career option for individuals seeking to address societal issues. Practical implications: This research offers valuable insights for organizations and policymakers, emphasizing the importance of creating equitable work environments. It also underscores the potential of social entrepreneurship to empower individuals disillusioned by conventional workplace structures to drive positive social change. Originality/value: By elucidating the role of social entrepreneurship as an alternative career path, our study contributes to the growing body of literature on entrepreneurship and social impact, offering valuable insights for both researchers and practitioners aiming to foster more equitable and empowering work environments. ©The authors ©Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration ©Emerald.
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A Journey From Traditional Supply Chain Processes to Sustainability‐Oriented Blockchain Supply Chain: The Critical Role of Organizational Capabilities
(Wiley, 2025)
Rashed Hasan Polas, Mohammad
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Afshar Jahanshahi, Asghar
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Ekramol Islam, Mohammad
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Imran Kabir, Ahmed
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Md. Sohel‐Uz‐Zaman, Abu Saleh
Blockchain technology has a great potential to transform how businesses approach sustainability by offering transparency, efficiency, and accountability across various processes. By adopting blockchain, businesses can not only meet growing consumer and regulatory demands for sustainability but also create competitive advantages by promoting resource efficiency, fostering trust, and building eco-conscious operations. Building on dynamic capabilities lens within the resource-based view (RBV) framework, and in order to know about antecedents and consequences of blockchain technology adoption, this study investigates how three types of organizational capabilities—namely, innovation capability, information-sharing capability, and technological capability—may facilitate the blockchain technology adoption and most importantly, how such adoption could impact firm performance. To test our research hypotheses, we collected survey data from 198 electronics companies in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The structural equation modelling has been used to test the model hypothesis. The findings showed that all three organizational capabilities—innovation capability, information-sharing capability, and technological capability—significantly facilitate blockchain technology adoption, which in turn leads to enhanced firm performance in small- and medium-sized enterprises, demonstrating the strategic value of blockchain in driving sustainability and competitiveness in electronics companies. ©The authors ©Business Strategy and the Environment ©Wiley.
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Adoption of digital banking technologies by nascent entrepreneurs in the era of transformative business information systems
(Inderscience, 2025)
Hasan Polas, Mohammad Rashed
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Afshar Jahanshahi, Asghar
Nascent entrepreneurs are those peoples who are in the early stage of starting a new business. In this study, the researchers attempted to determine what factors trigger a nascent entrepreneur to adopt digital banking technologies (applications and services)? To answer this question, this research tested the direct relationship between perceived security factors, the internet experience factors, and marketing exposure factors with nascent entrepreneur's adoption of digital banking technology. Moreover, we tested the indirect effects of these three factors with entrepreneur's adoption of digital banking technology through perceived usefulness. The study hypotheses were tested using a sample of 377 Bangladeshi nascent entrepreneurs who had participated in an entrepreneurship program and are in the process of starting a business. The findings revealed that nascent entrepreneurs with marketing exposure and perceived security are more likely to employ digital banking technology; perceived usefulness mediates the relationship between internet experience, and marketing exposure with adoption of digital banking technology. ©The authors ©Inderscience.
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Financial Growth of Sport Industry in the Extreme Context: Evidence From Iran Under Economic Sanction and COVID‐19 Pandemic
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2025)
Mohity, Zahra
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Mokhtari Dinani, Maryam
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Rezaei Pandari, Abbas
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Afshar Jahanshahi, Asghar
The objective of this research is to shift the narrative toward the impact of international sanctions against Iran and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on the financial growth of the sports industry. Employing Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA), we delve into the diverse factors influencing the financial dynamics of the sports sector in Iran. After an extensive review of the research literature, we identify pivotal elements affecting the financial prosperity of the sports industry. Using expert opinions and the content validity index (CVI), we select 20 significant factors shaping the financial landscape of the sports industry in Iran. Subsequently, we evaluate the importance and performance of these identified factors, drawing insights from the perspectives of 12 sports economics experts and sports managers. Employing Decision-making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DANP) and IPA methods, we analyze the interplay of these factors. The research outcomes underscore the pivotal role of international sanctions against Iran and the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic in influencing the financial growth of the sports industry. Noteworthy factors include the stability of sports club incomes, the commercialization of the sports industry, private sector investment in sports, and the allocation of sports expenses within government expenditures. These findings illuminate the nuanced relationship between external geopolitical factors and internal financial dynamics, shaping the trajectory of the sports industry's financial growth in Iran. ©The authors ©Wiley-Blackwell ©Journal of Public Affairs.
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Precarious workers in the era of digitalisation: identifying the job-related outcomes of insecurity
(Inderscience Enterprises Ltd., 2024)
Afshar Jahanshahi, Asghar
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Rivas Mendoza, Milagros Isabel
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Quiroz Castillo, Alberto Yony
In the era of digitalisation, non-tech and precarious workers suffer from high levels of job instability and receive lower wages compared with permanent and tech workers. We conducted a survey among 201 non-tech and precarious workers in Peru in order to identify the consequences of job insecurity among them. These groups of non-tech and precarious employees worked for small private companies, which located in the districts of Chimbote and Nuevo Chimbote in the northern part of Peru. We considered the effects of job insecurity on workers' job dissatisfaction, vitality, friendship, positive works attitudes, and social support. The SPSS software has been used for teasing the hypotheses of the study. Our results showed that job insecurity decreases non-tech workers' vitality and increases their job dissatisfaction. Furthermore, our findings reveal that a higher level of job insecurity is related to lower levels of friendship in the workplace. More interestingly, we found a negative association between job insecurity and non-tech and precarious workers' social support of each other in the workplace. It seems that precarious workers less care about each other needs and demands once the perception of job insecurity among them is very high. ©The authors ©Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.
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Causation processes and innovation strategy in small- and medium-sized firms in emerging countries: The moderating role of founder-CEOs' human capital
(Elsevier, 2025)
Liu, Gordon
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Zhang, Stephen X.
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Ko, Wai Wai
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Afshar Jahanshahi, Asghar
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Chen, Yantai
In the dynamic and resource-constrained environment of emerging countries, small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) face unique challenges in pursuing innovation strategy. This study addresses a critical gap in understanding how founder-CEOs' causation processes interact with human capital to shape SMEs' innovation strategy. While previous research has separately explored the impact of causation processes on innovation and the influence of founder-CEOs' managerial experience, these streams remain disconnected. Drawing on human capital theory, we investigate how adopting causation processes affects innovation strategy in emerging country SMEs, focusing on the moderating role of founder-CEOs' human capital. Our primary analysis utilises two waves of multi-informant survey data from 103 Indian SMEs. Results reveal that founder-CEOs' specific human capital moderates the relationship between causation processes and innovation strategy. This moderating effect strengthens with rich marketing experience but weakens with extensive technological experience. We supplement our findings with qualitative insights from interviews with 14 Indian and 19 Chinese SME founder-CEOs. This additional analysis provides further context and validates the applicability of our results. Our research contributes to a nuanced understanding of SME innovation dynamics in emerging countries and offers valuable implications for both theory and practice in fostering innovation-driven growth in this vital economic context. ©The authors ©Elsevier.
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How ‘dark’ are Latino: Implications for nascent entrepreneurship
(2025)
Afshar Jahanshahi, Asghar
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Valentina Gomes Haensel Schmitt
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Milagros Isabel Rivas-Mendoza
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Bernardo Fernandez-Telleria
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Priscila Rezende da Costa
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