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Risk Factors Associated with Diabetic Retinopathy with and without Macular Edema in Recently Diagnosed Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
(Taylor and Francis Group, 2024)
García-Ulloa, Ana
;
Pérez-Peralta, Liliana
;
Jaime-Casas, Salvador
;
Jiménez-Corona, Aida
;
Rivera-De La Parra, David
Purpose: To evaluate the risk factors associated with diabetic macular edema (DME) in patients with a recent type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) diagnosis. Patients and Methods: We conducted a case-control study at a third-level hospital in Mexico City. We enrolled patients ≥18 years old, with T2DM less than five years of diagnosis, without disabling complications, and non-smokers. The control group was patients with diabetic retinopathy and without macular edema (DR-DME). Cases were patients with DR+DME. We measured fasting glucose, creatinine, lipid profile, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), and HbA1c. An ophthalmological examination consisted of visual acuity measurement, digital three-field fundus photography with an automatic non-mydriatic camera, slit lamp, and Optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination ©Dove Press
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