Agazzi, Evandro

Preferred name

Agazzi, Evandro

Official Name

Agazzi Carminati, Evandro

Alternative Name

eagazzi

Main Affiliation

ORCID

0000-0002-5131-7281

Scopus Author ID

56013702100

Researcher ID

CAQ-1712-2022

Now showing 1 - 10 of 23

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Un enfoque sistémico de la bioética del medioambiente y la complejidad
(2024)
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<jats:p>La teoría general de sistemas ofrece un marco conceptual y metodológico para integrar consideraciones bioéticas en la toma de decisiones ambientales y ecológicas, enmarcando clara y eficazmente muchos problemas y situaciones que suelen presentarse utilizando el lenguaje ordinario. Un sistema es una entidad estructurada internamente que se caracteriza por algunas propiedades y funciones específicas. Esta unidad se relaciona con varias de sus partes que también son sistemas y son, por tanto, sus subsistemas. A su vez, cada sistema es parte (es decir, subsistema) de sistemas de orden superior. Todos estos sistemas y subsistemas están relacionados entre sí de tal manera que cada uno se caracteriza por sus propiedades específicas, que, además, resultan de las correlaciones que los unen a sus subsistemas y sistemas de orden superior. Dentro de esta arquitectura general se inscriben fácilmente conceptos como entorno y complejidad, así como emergencia, con todos los problemas relativos a los límites de las posibilidades de predicción mostrando que los enfoques deterministas tradicionales en la ciencia son insuficientes para manejar tal complejidad. El artículo aborda los desafíos que plantea la impredecibilidad en los sistemas complejos, criticando las visiones fatalistas que aceptan de manera optimista o pesimista la naturaleza incontrolable de los desarrollos tecnológicos y ecológicos. Es precisamente la impredecibilidad de un sistema complejo como el entorno lo que requiere una dimensión bioética para guiar los valores que subyacen a nuestra toma de decisiones respecto a la vida misma.</jats:p>
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The Methodological Turn in Philosophy
(2015)
<jats:p>Controversies have always characterized philosophy as expression of its typical critical attitude that depends on the complexity of the fundamental philosophical issues. Traditionally these discrepancies regarded the answers given to certain questions and, therefore, the content of the opposite doctrines, as all legitimately belonging to philosophy. With modernity the determination of the correct method of thinking becomes the necessary precondition for philosophizing and represents the core of the philosophical activity itself. As a consequence people adopting a certain method of thinking often qualify as non-philosophical the discourse of those who do not belong to their methodological school, independently of the content of the doctrine they defend. This dominance of the methodological concern, on the contrary, has produced the discovery and deepening of several “thinking methods,” whose plurality must be considered a wealth and not a reason for skepticism, since it can offer to philosophy the tools for better coping with the increasing complexity of its fundamental issues.</jats:p>
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The Methodological Turn in Philosophy
(2015)
<jats:p>Controversies have always characterized philosophy as expression of its typical critical attitude that depends on the complexity of the fundamental philosophical issues. Traditionally these discrepancies regarded the answers given to certain questions and, therefore, the content of the opposite doctrines, as all legitimately belonging to philosophy. With modernity the determination of the correct method of thinking becomes the necessary precondition for philosophizing and represents the core of the philosophical activity itself. As a consequence people adopting a certain method of thinking often qualify as non-philosophical the discourse of those who do not belong to their methodological school, independently of the content of the doctrine they defend. This dominance of the methodological concern, on the contrary, has produced the discovery and deepening of several “thinking methods,” whose plurality must be considered a wealth and not a reason for skepticism, since it can offer to philosophy the tools for better coping with the increasing complexity of its fundamental issues.</jats:p>
Scopus© Citations 1 14 1
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Ethical Criteria for the Admission and Management of Patients in the ICU Under Conditions of Limited Medical Resources: A Shared International Proposal in View of the COVID-19 Pandemic
(2020)
Tambone, Vittoradolfo
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Boudreau, Donald
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Ciccozzi, Massimo
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Sanders, Karen
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Campanozzi, Laura Leondina
The present pandemic has exposed us to unprecedented challenges that need to be addressed not just for the current state, but also for possible future similar occurrences. It is worth pointing out that discussions on the allocation of medical resources may not necessarily refer to an exception, but, unfortunately, to a regular condition for a large part of humanity (1). The criteria for admission to an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) setting generally take into account multiple factors. There must be a diagnostic and prognostic basis for the decisions made, considering both biological factors and patient values and wishes. Furthermore, the decision-making process should, whenever possible, respect the patient's advance directives as well as the relationship with the patient's family or attorney. Therapeutic neglect should be avoided. Having applied standard clinical evaluation criteria for the appropriate treatment of patients with COVID-19, including consideration of prognosis, if a hospital then finds itself unable to provide optimal treatment (e.g., due to a disproportion between the number of patients and the availability of beds, healthcare providers, ventilators, and drugs in the ICU), it becomes necessary to evaluate, case by case, how to achieve justice and the best possible good for the greatest number of patients. It is therefore mandatory to explore alternative solutions; these include increasing available beds and healthcare providers, implementing alternative, though suboptimal, approaches (where appropriate), transferring patients to other clinical units, etc. Making these decisions properly also involves the recovery of the political role of medicine and science © Frontiers in Public Health
Scopus© Citations 21 21 2
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Considerazioni sull'equilibrio da un punto di vista sistemico
(2016)
The notion of equilibrium is polysemic and its most general meaning is that of a state in which opposite forces mutually neutralize themselves. Its most satisfactory treatment can be attained by resorting to the conceptual and technical tools of general system theory such as they are applied, for instance, in physics, chemistry and biology. In this last science equilibrium receives the deeper meaning of homeostasis from which, by introducing the notion of information, one attains the domain of cybernetics and its related models. In such a way extensions of the notion of equilibrium can be obtained, e.g., to psychology, historiography, political theory, economics. In these domains equilibrium can be used in order to study dynamically the evolution of complex systems and this is precisely the reason for expressing it in terms of general system theory. ©2016, Vita e Pensiero.
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Scientific Realism Within Perspectivism and Perspectivism Within Scientific Realism
(2016)
Perspectivism is often understood as a conception according to which subjective conditions inevitably affect our knowledge and, therefore, we are never confronted with reality and facts but only with interpretations. Hence, subjectivism and anti-realism are usually associated with perspectivism. The thesis of this paper is that, especially in the case of the sciences, perspectivism can be better understood as an appreciation of the cognitive attitude that consists in considering reality only from a certain ‘point of view’, in a way that can avoid subjectivism. Whereas the way of conceiving a notion is strictly subjective, the way of using it is open to intersubjective agreement, based on the practice of operations whose nature is neither mental nor linguistic. Therefore, intersubjectivity (that is a ‘weak’ sense of objectivity) is possible within perspectivism. Perspectivism can also help understand the notion of ‘scientific objects’ in a referential sense: they are those ‘things’ that become ‘objects’ of a certain science by being investigated from the ‘point of view’ of that science. They are ‘clipped out’ of things (and constitute the ‘domain of objects’ or the ‘regional ontology’ of that particular science) by means of standardized operations which turn out to be the same as those granting intersubjectivity. Therefore this ‘strong’ sense of objectivity, which is clearly realist, coincides with the ‘weak’ one. The notion of truth appears fully legitimate in the case of the sciences, being clearly defined for the regional ontology of each one of them and, since this truth can be extended in an analogical sense to the theories elaborated in each science, it follows that are real also the unobservable entities postulated by those theories. © 2016, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
Scopus© Citations 9 5 2
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Scientific objectivity and its contexts
(Springer Cham, 2014)
The first part of this book is of an epistemological nature and develops an original theory of scientific objectivity, understood in a weak sense (as intersubjective agreement among the specialists) and a strong sense (as having precise concrete referents). In both cases it relies upon the adoption of operational criteria designed within the particular perspective under which any single science considers reality. The “object” so attained has a proper ontological status, dependent on the specific character of the criteria of reference (regional ontologies). This justifies a form of scientific realism. Such perspectives are also the result of a complex cultural-historical situation. The awareness of such a “historical determinacy” of science justifies including in the philosophy of science the problems of ethics of science, relations of science with metaphysics and social dimensions of science that overstep the traditional restriction of the philosophy of science to an epistemology of science. It is to this “context” that the second part of the book is devoted.
Scopus© Citations 90 8 2
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Introduction: The conceptual knots of the realism debate
(Springer International Publishing, 2017)
A couple of elementary ‘facts of life’ stimulate our reflection. The first is that “all humans want by their nature to know”, as Aristotle says at the beginning of his Metaphysics. ©Springer International Publishing.
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Editorial Preface: Thought Experiments in Mathematics
(Springer, 2023)
Buzzoni, Marco
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In light of the problem just pointed out in the philosophy of TEs in mathematics, James Robert Brown’s essay “Rigour and Thought Experiments: Burgess and Norton” makes an important contribution, both in its pars destruens and in its pars construens, toward grasping the distinctive feature of thought experiments in mathemtics. As is well known, Brown argues for a largely Platonic view, according to which we have a certain (albeit fallible) cognitive capacity that allows us to grasp truth both in the abstract realm of mathematics and - at least with respect to certain aspects of it - in that of empirical reality. From here, he discusses John Burgess’ views on the nature of mathematical rigour and John Norton’s views on the nature of thought experiments. In both cases, in order to evaluate them, it is necessary to reconstruct the starting point, a mathematical proof or a thought experiment respectively. © 2024 Springer Nature
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El estatuto epistemológico de la bioética
(2019)
La bioética no se presenta como una ciencia bien delimitada, sino más bien como un ámbito de cuestiones y problemas que se ha ido ampliando a partir de los años 70. En los inicios, la bioética abarcaba esencialmente la medicina y las biotecnologías, hoy incluye otros aspectos como el cuidado de los animales y la protección del medio ambiente, y muchos de sus temas conciernen a las políticas de salud y a la propuesta de normas legales. La novedad de la bioética, con respecto a la ética médica tradicional, se basa en el hecho de que el enorme progreso de las tecnologías en la práctica médica ha producido una gran cantidad de situaciones inéditas, en las que es posible y hasta necesario tomar decisiones para las cuales no existían normas en la ética tradicional. Esto depende también de la notable complejidad de las situaciones típicas de los debates bioéticos. Por estas razones, la bioética se presenta como un paradigma de lo que tiene que ser la ética en el contexto de una civilización tecnológica, es decir como la búsqueda de un punto de encuentro entre la tecnología y la conciencia moral. Si nos damos cuenta de esta característica fundamental, es posible reconocer en la bioética la presencia de un estatuto epistemológico propio, que consiste en la adopción del método interdisciplinar desde un enfoque sistémico y con capacidad de tomar en cuenta los fenómenos de la complejidad. De esta manera, la bioética conseguirá constituirse desde un punto de vista holístico que le permitirá relacionar los niveles más simples con los más complejos, así como aprovechar constructivamente las diferencias doctrinales y culturales que conlleva la globalización en nuestro tiempo. ©2019 Arbor, CSIC Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas.
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Agazzi, Evandro

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