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Non-Contact Breathing Rate Estimation Using Machine Learning with an Optimized Architecture

2023 , Brieva, Jorge , Ponce, Hiram , Moya-Albor, Ernesto

The breathing rate monitoring is an important measure in medical applications and daily physical activities. The contact sensors have shown their effectiveness for breathing monitoring and have been mostly used as a standard reference, but with some disadvantages for example in burns patients with vulnerable skins. Contactless monitoring systems are then gaining attention for respiratory frequency detection. We propose a new non-contact technique to estimate the breathing rate based on the motion video magnification method by means of the Hermite transform and an Artificial Hydrocarbon Network (AHN). The chest movements are tracked by the system without the use of an ROI in the image video. The machine learning system classifies the frames as inhalation or exhalation using a Bayesian-optimized AHN. The method was compared using an optimized Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). This proposal has been tested on a Data-Set containing ten healthy subjects in four positions. The percentage error and the Bland–Altman analysis is used to compare the performance of the strategies estimating the breathing rate. Besides, the Bland–Altman analysis is used to search for the agreement of the estimation to the reference.The percentage error for the AHN method is (Formula presented.) with and agreement with respect of the reference of ≈99%. © 2023 by the authors.

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A Contactless Respiratory Rate Estimation Method Using a Hermite Magnification Technique and Convolutional Neural Networks

2020 , Brieva, Jorge , Ponce, Hiram , Moya-Albor, Ernesto

The monitoring of respiratory rate is a relevant factor in medical applications and day-to-day activities. Contact sensors have been used mostly as a direct solution and they have shown their effectiveness, but with some disadvantages for example in vulnerable skins such as burns patients. For this reason, contactless monitoring systems are gaining increasing attention for respiratory detection. In this paper, we present a new non-contact strategy to estimate respiratory rate based on Eulerian motion video magnification technique using Hermite transform and a system based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The system tracks chest movements of the subject using two strategies: using a manually selected ROI and without the selection of a ROI in the image frame. The system is based on the classifications of the frames as an inhalation or exhalation using CNN. Our proposal has been tested on 10 healthy subjects in different positions. To compare performance of methods to detect respiratory rate the mean average error and a Bland and Altman analysis is used to investigate the agreement of the methods. The mean average error for the automatic strategy is 3.28± 3.33% with and agreement with respect of the reference of 98%. © 2020 by the authors.

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Non-contact breathing rate monitoring system using a magnification technique and convolutional networks

2020 , Brieva, Jorge , Ponce, Hiram , Moya-Albor, Ernesto

In this paper, we present a new non-contact strategy to estimate the breathing rate based on the Eulerian motion video magnification technique and a system based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). After the magnification procedure, a CNN is trained to detect the inhalation and exhalation frames in the video. From this classification, the respiratory rate is estimated. The magnification procedure was carried out using the Hermite decomposition. Two strategies are used as input to the CNN. A CNN-ROI proposal where a region of interest is selected manually on the image frame and in the second case, a CNN-Whole-Image proposal where the entire image frame is selected. Finally, the RR is estimated from the classified frames. The CNN-ROI proposal is tested on five subjects in lying face down position and it is compared to a procedure using different image processing steps to tag the frames as inhalation or exhalation. The mean average error in percentage obtained for this proposal is 2.326±1.144%. The CNN-whole-image proposal is tested on eight subjects in lying face down position. The mean average error in percentage obtained for this proposal is 2.115 ± 1.135%. © COPYRIGHT 2020 SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use ONLY.

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Non-contact breathing rate monitoring system using a magnification technique and artificial hydrocarbon networks

2020 , Brieva, Jorge , Moya-Albor, Ernesto , Ponce, Hiram

In this paper, we present a new non-contact strategy to estimate the breathing rate based on the Eulerian motion video magnification technique and an Artificial Hydrocarbon Networks (AHN) as classifier. After the magnification procedure, a AHN is trained to detect the inhalation and exhalation frames in the video. From this classification, the respiratory rate is estimated. The magnification procedure was carried out using the Hermite decomposition. The respiratory rate (RR) is estimated from the classified frames. We have tested the method on 10 healthy subjects in different positions. To compare performance of methods to respiratory rate the mean average error and a Bland and Altman analysis is used to investigate the agreement of the methods. The mean average error for our strategy is 4.46 ± 3.68% with and agreement with respect of the reference of ˜ 98 %. © 2020 SPIE