Now showing 1 - 10 of 47
No Thumbnail Available
Publication

Del dominio a la propiedad individual

2016 , Martínez Echevarría, Miguel Alfonso , Scalzo, Germán

El presente artículo presenta una reflexión sobre la riqueza o el “modo humano de tener”, tanto desde una perspectiva privada –relacionada con la noción de dominium–,como pública –ius o derecho–. Tras una fundamentación antropológica del dominio, se analiza su evolución histórica y en especial el extraño caso del “dominio sin propiedad” que propone la pobreza voluntaria franciscana y que da lugar a una visión espiritualista del dominio. Esta perspectiva contribuiría a que en la modernidad se produjera un cierto enfrentamiento entre las nociones de derecho y ley. Esta tensión, presente en la filosofía de Suárez, es fundamental para comprender las interpretaciones modernas del dominio como un derecho de propiedad individual. ©2016 Cauriensia, Universidad de Extremadura.

No Thumbnail Available
Publication

Circular subsidiarity: Humanizing work through relational goods

2024 , González, Ana Marta , Scalzo, Germán

The Fourth Industrial Revolution based on digitalization, the development of AI, robotics, big data, and increasing automation is dredging up older debates on the end of human work. This article contributes to this debate arguing that these changing circumstances represent an opportunity to advance a renewed consideration of human work. By emphasizing its most distinctively human dimensions, including gratuitousness, relationality, and meaningfulness, we propose the articulation of a social model that recognizes relational goods as a specific contribution of human work in an attempt to overcome the state and the market's monopoly of public life built around the dichotomy between the private and the public. Such a social model is based on the concept of circular subsidiarity, which represents a departure from traditional notions of subsidiarity by promoting a dynamic and reciprocal interplay between three essential societal spheres: the state, the market, and organized civil society, all of which have their role to fulfill by providing security, efficiency, and relational goods. Ultimately, this article suggests that circular subsidiarity can lead to a more inclusive and equitable social model by acknowledging how relational goods not only humanize civil society but also sustain the functioning of both the market and the state. ©Wiley

No Thumbnail Available
Publication

Rebuilding the Temple of Graces: Gift-giving as the Foundation of Care

2018 , Scalzo, Germán , Moreno Almárcegui, Antonio , Padilla Lavin, Maria de los Angeles

The concept of "care" has recently emerged to expand the idea of rationality in economics, introducing insights that have traditionally been restricted to the so-called third sector (non-profit), and, as a result, questioning mainstream economics. This article is based on the thesis that the development and functionality of the market and the state are a result of something previous, i.e., the presence of the gift in social relations. The idea of the gift is related with charis, which is at the root of care and is in addition closely related to the religious concepts of grace and charity. In order to show that this notion was present in the Western classical tradition- from Aristotle to Scholastic thought-this article traces the foundation and evolution of money through the lens of social interaction in terms of friendship and fraternity. Finally, it suggests that a social order based exclusively on contractual exchange relations is a consequence of an interpretation of the gift as a pure and generous gesture without the moral obligation of reciprocity. In opposition to that thesis, critics of modern economics, including feminist and Catholic thinkers, come together to defend the superiority of gift over contract, that is to say, of distributive over commutative justice. © 2018 OEconomia. All rights reserved.

No Thumbnail Available
Publication

Editorial: Personalism and moral psychology: re-humanizing economies and organizations

2023 , Akrivou, Kleio , Bernacchio, Caleb , Melé, Domenec , Scalzo, Germán

In late modernity, social and economic responses to ecological, health-related, and societal challenges have focused on the quest for production and profit. In doing so, they have relied on impersonal frameworks that result in environmental damage and consider human beings' very right to flourishing irrelevant or peripheral. Consideration of the person as the core catalyst for creating a more humane and sustainable future therefore remains a crucial task. In light of this, it needs to be asked whether our theoretical understandings of human beings, their action and their potentiality are genuinely fit for the complicated challenges we face. © Frontiers in Communication

No Thumbnail Available
Publication

Génesis del pensamiento económico: dos visiones en pugna

2015 , Scalzo, Germán

A finales del siglo XVIII, tras la publicación de La Riqueza de las Naciones (Smith, 1776), se consolida un cambio de paradigma en el modo de concebir la economía, caracterizado por una progresiva “naturalización” o “despersonalización”, que es comúnmente aceptado como la génesis de la ciencia económica. Desde esta perspectiva, la economía se considera un proceso necesario que responde a leyes tan objetivas como las de la física; “descubrirlas” sería la tarea propia del economista. El presente trabajo cuestiona esta visión apodíctica a través de una aproximación a la concepción de la actividad económica en los mismos orígenes del pensamiento filosófico –puntualmente, en las posturas platónica y aristotélica, dos propuestas originales que conforman la génesis del pensamiento económico– con el objeto de mostrar que existe una estrecha relación entre una noción de economía y la concepción antropológica subyacente. © Cauriensia

No Thumbnail Available
Publication

Ethical Leadership as a Driver of Supervisor Technical and Social Effectiveness: A Triple Helix for Cultivating Employees' Sense of Purpose

2024 , Al Halbusi, Hussam , Ruiz-Palomino, Pablo , Linuesa-Langreo, Jorge , Scalzo, Germán

A sense of purpose is generated when individuals perceive an authentic connection between their work and a broader transcendent life purpose beyond the self. Academics have shown significant positive effects of this driving force in life for employees and organizations, and thus the literature demands studies that analyze its antecedents, i.e., the potential factors that shape an individual's sense of purpose in life. Following an Aristotelian approach to virtue ethics in business, we analyze (1) whether ethical leadership enhances the technical and social effectiveness of supervisors, and (2) whether this moral asset of leaders enhances employee sense of purpose, either directly or by interacting with their technical and social effectiveness-related dimensions. Using data from 395 employees in the Iraqi insurance and health care industry, structural equation modeling analysis revealed that, as expected, the ethical dimension of supervisors can influence employees' sense of purpose, both directly and by improving their technical and social effectiveness as leaders. Our findings thus encourage managers to practice ethical leadership to become more effective in leadership and in encouraging employees to have a sense of purpose in what they do. ©The authors ©Business Ethics, the Environment & Responsibility ©Wiley.

No Thumbnail Available
Publication

Autonomy and subordination: virtuous work in light of aristotelian practical knowledge in organizational theory

2021 , Pinto-Garay, Javier , Scalzo, Germán , Ferrero, Ignacio

This paper aims to integrate the concept of autonomous and subordinated work into Aristotelian organizational theory by enhancing the epistemological framework of neo-Aristotelianism and by adding a Thomistic interpretation of organizational practical knowledge. We sustain that, in order to advance our understanding of the firm in terms of excellence and the common good, the concept of practical knowledge applied to organizational theory requires reflection on the nature of work in modern organizations. For this, we will explain (i) how an organization that aims for excellence is most appropriately defined as a community of autonomous work, (ii) how practical knowledge in organizations must be defined considering work as deliberative production and, finally, (iii) how productivity in organizations is best described when work is envisioned in terms of autonomy and subordination. ©2021 Business & Professional Ethics Journal.

No Thumbnail Available
Publication

Pricing for a Common Good: beyond Ethical Minimalism in Commercial Practices

2021 , Pinto-Garay, Javier , Ferrero, Ignacio , Scalzo, Germán

Pricing policies and fair-trade practices are critical for sustaining commercial relationships between firms and customers. Nevertheless, in current business practices, fairness has been mistakenly reduced to a minimalistic ethic wherein justice only demands legal and explicit norms to which commercial parties voluntarily agree. Aimed at giving a different explanation of commercial agreements, this paper will introduce a Virtue Ethics (VE) explanation of the relationship between pricing and the common good by taking up classical concepts related to justice in commerce. In particular, we will explore three principles associated with the notion of fairness in commerce as defined in Neo-Aristotelian ethics towards a relationship between a common good and justice in pricing, i.e., proportionality, benevolence and well-being. To exemplify how these criteria of justice apply to decision-making in commercial practices, we will discuss several cases of fair and unfair commercial relationships. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG part of Springer Nature.

No Thumbnail Available
Publication

La frónesis aristotélica como factor clave para el liderazgo en la empresa creadora de conocimiento según Ikujiro Nonaka

2019 , Scalzo, Germán , Fariñas, Guillermo

En las últimas décadas ha habido un creciente interés en el conocimiento en el ámbito empresarial. El académico japonés Ikujiro Nonaka fue uno de los principales contribuyentes teóricos y prácticos para la creación de conocimiento en las organizaciones, así como un promotor de la inclusión de la razón práctica en la investigación de temas de negocios como la toma de decisiones, la gestión del conocimiento, la ética y el liderazgo. En su teoría se combina la virtud de la frónesis, tradición clásica occidental, con la noción japonesa de Ba (aprendizaje basado en el contexto), para explicar la forma en que las personas se involucran en las comunidades de práctica como oportunidades de aprendizaje. Este artículo describe su teoría de la creación de conocimiento, señalando las habilidades de liderazgo fronético como motores esenciales de la creación de conocimiento en las organizaciones, a la luz de la tradición clásica occidental. Finalmente, analiza el alcance y los límites de la contribución de Nonaka, así como algunos de los desafíos que plantea para que el ámbito empresarial sea un verdadero espacio para el aprendizaje y el florecimiento humano. © Cuadernos De Administración

No Thumbnail Available
Publication

Sobre contratos y usura en Manuel Rodríguez, el Lusitano

2016 , Aspe-Armella, Virginia , Scalzo, Germán

En este artículo se analiza la obra Suma de casos de conciencia, del portugués Manuel Rodríguez –el Lusitano–, con el fin de obtener una mayor comprensión de la proyección del pensamiento económico de la Escuela de Salamanca. El estudio de este autor de la segunda mitad del siglo XVI permite profundizar en la evolución de dicha Escuela, mediante la comparación entre los distintos modos de responder a los desafíos que se fueron presentando a través del tiempo. Los elementos comunes a la Escuela en su evolución permiten delinear el espíritu que inspiró a estos teólogos morales y son una oportunidad para encontrar claves que permitan interpretar la vida económica actual desde una antropología de la justicia. ©2016 Cauriensia, Universidad de Extremadura.