Aproximaciones al fenómeno de fracaso escolar en los jóvenes de 11 a 18 años en zonas rurales; una revisión sistemática (2012-2022)

This study presents a systematic review from 2012 to 2022. The objective was to analyze the phenomenon of school failure among 11 to 18-year-old youths residing and studying in rural areas on an international level. The research began with 140 relevant articles in the field. Findings highlight the multiple factors associated with this phenomenon. Some of these factors are personal, familiar, community, and the ones related to schools’ infrastructure and material resources. Additionally, the study explores the concepts and definitions employed by previous research to describe the complex phenomenon of school failure, thereby enhancing overall comprehension of the subject. Despite the progress achieved in the research in field, the study also reveals a general lack of understanding regarding pluriculturalism in rural school communities. Consequently, further qualitative research on the topic is needed to address this gap.