<jats:p>The construction industry performs many tasks scheduled and related to other activities. Companies must optimize their operations, increase efficiency, eliminate waste, and deliver better products to their customers. As a result, this study aims to identify the main challenges associated with the implementation of the Lean Construction model in small and medium-sized construction companies and optimize the implementation of this process using statistically-focused mathematical models. This study was conducted using the partial least squares (PLS-SEM) method and also carried out the principal component analysis to optimize Lean barriers so that they can be properly implemented in the construction industry. The most important obstacles are displayed, as well as the relationships with other factors. Significant relationships have been discovered between the barriers to Lean construction adoption, especially with regard to corporate culture, communication, training, leadership, and the influence of mentality on business and employee adaptability. Construction executives and managers can make well-informed policy and strategic decisions by having a thorough understanding of the main barriers to Lean implementation. This information enables them to focus on the implementation of Lean technologies in projects, to increase market competitiveness, reduce waste and enhance overall work efficiency.</jats:p>
