Health 4.0, Prevention, and Health Promotion in Companies: A Systematic Literature Review

Noncommunicable diseases are growing worldwide and their impact within organizations affects the productivity of companies. The accelerated pace of life, sedentary lifestyle, eating habits, and lack of self-regulation have deteriorated workers’ health conditions. The Health 4.0 paradigm can help in health prevention and promotion thanks to the use of smart devices and digital tools adaptable to users and companies. Trials from 11 bibliographic databases were consulted and out of a total of 742 articles, 86 were selected that met the selection criteria. There is scientific evidence that supports the use of smart devices in companies focusing on weight control, physical activity, sleep control, and glycemic index to impact the treatment and prevention of noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes, overweight, work stress, cardiovascular diseases, and in lifestyle. Using wearables or smartphones, incentive programs or assistance with specialists have been considered by some researchers; elements such as privacy and information security are essential in the implementation, as well as methods that can maintain the use of these prevention and health promotion programs. More research is necessary regarding the use of smart devices such as the permanence of health initiatives in companies, cost-effectiveness, and real-time analysis, and focus on various pathological conditions for success in prevention and health promotion strategies.