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Item type:Publication, ¿Falta de ética de la asociación médica mundial y de otros organismos internacionales?En 1997, Lurie y Wolfe denunciaron en la revista New England Journal of Medicine a un grupo de médicos, auspiciados por la industria farmacéutica, que habían realizado 15 investigaciones en países subdesarrollados, que incluían procedimientos que faltaban a todos los códigos éticos que a partirde los juicios Nuremberg daban sustento moral a la investigación. Se trataba de estudios en los que se investigaban un medicamento nuevo o dosis alternativas de alguno conocido para evitar la transmisión perinatal del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). El grave problema ético consistió en que en estos estudios se emplearon como grupos testigos (controles) de la investigación a mujeres embarazadas infectadas con VIH a las que se les administró un placebo. Desde 1994 se sabía que un régimen intenso con zidovudine (AZT) aplicado a la mujer infectada durante los últimos meses de su embarazo y en el parto, puede reducir drásticamente la transmisión verticaldel VIH al recién nacido. El reporte original de Connory colaboradores, señalaba una disminución de 25.5 a 8.3 %.3 A partirde 1995, añadiendo otras medidas (cesárea antes del trabajo de parto, medicación al recién nacido y supresión de la lactancia materna), la transmisión vertical del VIH se redujo 1 a 2 %. © Los autores © Gaceta Médica de México © Academia Nacional de Medicina. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Síndrome burnout y ajuste marital en un organismo internacional(Departamento de Psicología de la Universidad Católica Boliviana "San Pablo", 2007) - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Framing the 'Clash of Civilization' in Europe: Interaction between Political and Media FramesThe present study reviews the foci, symbols and interpretations that the European media use to formulate and spread the political message about the “clash of civilizations”. This means observing how this cultural clash is articulated in political discourse and how this is then reflected in the leading European media. To carry out this study, we compared the frames found in several significant political discourses (Bush, Ahmadinejad, Sarkozy, Gül) and those encountered in the coverage of these same discourses in the following European newspapers: The Guardian, Le Monde, Frankfürter Allemaigne. Through this specific case, the research also explores what is the process of the frame elaboration and which conditions make political discourse more effective and attractive for the media to assimilate them. ©The authors ©Journal Media and Communication Studies. Copyright © Elsevier Inc. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, La figure d'Ulysse chez les Socratiques: Socrate polutropos(Brill, 2005)Lévystone, DavidAt the end of the fifth century B.C.E., the character of Odysseus was scorned by most of the Athenians: he illustrated the archetype of the demagogic, unscrupulous and ambitious politicians that had led Athens to its doom. Against this common doxa, the most important disciples of Socrates (Antisthenes, Plato, Xenophon) rehabilitate the hero and admire his temperance and his courage. But it is most surprising to see that, in spite of Odysseus' lies and deceit, these philosophers, who condemn steadfastly the sophists' deceptions, praise his rhetorical ability, his polutropia. The word polutropia is ambiguous: for Antisthenes, it means either "diversity of styles and discourses" or "diversity of dispositions, characters, or souls". It is argued that the same distinction is implicitly at work in Plato's Hippias Minor, where Socrates defends Odysseus' polutropia against the pseudo "simplicity" of Hippias' favourite hero, Achilles. However, whereas Antisthenes tries to clarify these different meanings, Plato's Socrates exploits the ambiguity to confuse his interlocutor. Such a distinction sheds a new light on the Hippias Minor: Odysseus is polutropos in the first (positive) sense, while the simplicity of Achilles should be understood as a bad kind of polutropia. It provides an explanation for the first paradoxical thesis of the dialogue which many commentators do not admit as an expression of the true Socratic view, on the ground of its supposed immorality: that he who voluntary deceives is better than he who errs, for falsehood is, in one case, only in words, while in the other, it is falsehood in the soul itself. It is thus proposed that Odysseus' skill in adapting his logos to his hearers was probably a model for Socrates himself. The analogy between the hero and Socrates is especially clear in Plato's dialogues, which show the philosopher in an Odyssey for knowledge. ©Brill ©The authorScopus© Citations 34 11 1 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Le courage et les mots de la peur dans le Lachès et le Protagoras(Classical Association of Canada, 2006)Lévystone, DavidThe amount of attention that Plato gives to the virtue of courage can be interpreted as a symptom of the difficulties he faced in integrating it into his virtue science theory. His answers are never exactly the same, even in two dialogues of youth, the Laches and Protagoras, which are supposed to give a more accurate picture of the teaching of Socrates himself. Through an analysis of the terminology of fear in these two texts, it becomes clear that Plato, in distinguishing phobos from deos, implicitly agrees with the impossibility of simply reducing courage to science. This perspective is likely to modify our comprehension of the intellectualist theory of Socrates himself, at least with regard to courage. ©The author ©Classical Association of Canada9 1 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
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Item type:Publication, Luis I. Guerrero M. Lógica. El razonamiento deductivo formal. Universidad Panamericana, México, 1992. 187 pp.(Universidad Panamericana. Facultad de Filosofía, 1992)Valadez, LeticiaLuis I. Guerrero M. Lógica. El razonamiento deductivo formal. Universidad Panamericana, México, 1992. 187 pp.16 44 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Handbook of Metaphysics and Ontology. Editado por Hans Burkhardt y Barry Smith; Philosophia Verlag (Analytica); Munich; Philadephia, Vienna. 1991.(Universidad Panamericana. Facultad de Filosofía, 1992)Hurtado, GuillermoHandbook of Metaphysics and Ontology. Editado por Hans Burkhardt y Barry Smith; Philosophia Verlag (Analytica); Munich; Philadephia, Vienna. 1991.4 58 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Ralph McInerny. Aquinas on Human Action. A Theory of Practice. The Catholic University of America. Washington 1992. 246 pp.(Universidad Panamericana. Facultad de Filosofía, 1992)Rivera, José LuisRalph McInerny. Aquinas on Human Action. A Theory of Practice. The Catholic University of America. Washington 1992. 246 pp.16 49 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, ZAGAL, HÉCTOR. Retórica, inducción y ciencia en Aristóteles. Publicaciones Cruz O., México, 1993. 412 pp.(Universidad Panamericana. Facultad de Filosofía, 1993)19 76