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La importancia de la confianza personal e institucional para la internacionalización empresarial: El Caso de México
(2025)
De Anda D Acosta, Felipe de Jesús
;
Tovar García, Edgar Demetrio
Small and medium-sized companies are the main engine of the Mexican economy; however, these companies often lack the knowledge and professionalization that would allow them to develop their potential. This is due to a lack of support from the governmental system, which has prevented them from developing as they should. This includes the internationalization process that small and medium-sized Mexican companies carry out, often in an empirical manner and without a specific direction to help them increase their chances of success abroad. That is why this research work seeks to explain which factors, specifically personal and institutional trust, have a determining influence on the internationalization process of small and medium-sized companies. This thesis consists of three chapters: The first, through the case study method, seeks to determine which factors are the determinants in the internationalization process of small and medium Mexican entrepreneurs, highlighting trust as one of them, which has been studied very little in the literature. In the second, through a survey of 103 entrepreneurs of the Mexican Confederation of Employers (COPARMEX), we seek to find the association between personal and institutional trust and the internationalization process of small and medium-sized entrepreneurs in Mexico. Finally, the third chapter seeks to find what relationship exists between the institutional trust of countries and the internationalization process of their entrepreneurs. This research concludes that trust is a determining factor for the successful internationalization of small and medium-sized Mexican companies. These companies can use the results of this research and future lines of research to professionalize their internationalization process and increase their chances of success.
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Un Marco Organizacional para Microempresas Enfrentando Choques Exógenos: Un Enfoque de Sistema Viable.
(2025)
Suarez Ambriz, Denny
;
Sánchez Garcia, Jacqueline Y.
This study addresses the problem of limited adaptive capacity in microenterprises, a phenomenon that contributes to the failure of 50% of new businesses during their first five years of operation. Unfortunately, organizational impacts are magnified by factors such as lack of working capital, deficient financial management, inadequate business education, regulatory capture and intensified competition due to globalization. This issue was initially observed in a food service microenterprise located in California’s Salinas Valley, where patterns of operational fatique, high staff turnover, service quality fluctuations and insufficient capacity to respond to seasonal demand variations were identified. This thesis is composed of five fundamental chapters. The first chapter examined the global context of microenterprises and their economic significance, as they represent a relevant sector for economic development. The second chapter addressed the theoretical framework, beginning with an examination of classical organizational theory and identifying its restricitions in contexts characterized by high dynamics. Subsequently, bureaucratic theory was reviewed, analyzing its contribution to organizational formalization while acknowledging its rigidity in the face of new adaptive needs. The review concluded with general systems theory, which presented an integrative framework allowing organizations to be conceptualized as open systems, capable of interacting dynamically with their environment. The third chapter developed a literature review of studies relating to the Viable System Model and Entrepreneurial Orientation within the institutionalization process of microenterprises, indentifying convergences and gaps in the existing literature. The Viable System Model was selected due to its capacity to analyze organizations as autonomous and adaptable systems, enabling the identification of internal functions that 7 sustain its viability in contexts of high uncertainty. This review academically justified the lack of specific models tailored for microenterprises. The fourth chapter presented an empirical review of cases involving microenterprises led by immigrant entrepreneurs. Through semi-structured interviews, the focus shifted to analyzing the Entrepreneurial Orientation components utilized by successful entreprenerus and how they were incorporated into their business operations. This analysis provided evidence underscoring the need for organizational structures that not only occommodate but also enhance entrepreneurial initiatives, establishing the emprirical base that justified the application of the Viable System Model. The fifth chapter implemented a Social Network Analysis to examine a bibliometric co- occurence network of keywords from academic publications, aiming to identify the critical Entrepreneurial Orientation factors relevant to microenterprises. The factors identified include innovation, autonomy, control during implementations, market orientation, and change management, all of which were categorized according to the five functions of the Viable System Model. The results suggested this conceptual framework strengthens organizational responsiveness in disruptive environments while promoting internal cohesion and more informed decisión-making. To understand how the identified critical factors interact and generate patterns of organizational strengthening or deterioration, the study employed System Dynamics as an analytical tool in chapter six. This methodology enabled the modeling of the system’s causal structure and the simulation of various operational scenarios, incorporating variables such as fatigue, experience, reputation, customers and revenue. The model applied evaluated the microenterprise’s performance under five contrasting configurations, validating the importance of coordination and organizational learning for the system. The key results showed that organizational viability did not depend on increased demand, but rather on the presence of internal structures capable of absorbing external impacts, learning, and maintaining operational consistency.
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Identificación y jerarquización de factores críticos en ventas industriales: propuesta de un modelo de capacitación bajo un enfoque sistémico.
(2025)
Vasquez Ruiz, Luis Armando
;
Núñez Ríos, Juan Enrique
The research problem identified lies in the fact that, despite their critical importance, human competencies and operational factors often lack formal systematization within SME strategies, creating a structural disconnect that limits their competitiveness. In response, the purpose of this work is to design a systemic and empirically grounded training model that allows these comprehensive competencies to be formalized within the operational structure of SMEs. Under the meta-approach of Engaged Scholarship, a systemic multi-method design was implemented that integrated Grounded Theory and focus groups for qualitative diagnosis, articulated with the Viable System Model (VSM) and Social Network Analysis (SNA) for structural analysis. Subsequently, Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) were used to prioritize the factors found. The findings revealed that viability depends on underestimated factors such as accurate communication and failure prevention, which act as systemic preconditions for technological success. As a Contribution to Practice (CP), a model structured around five pillars is presented, which operationalizes the prioritized factors to provide staff with structural agility. The study adds theoretical value by applying Organizational Cybernetics to sales management, demonstrating that salesperson effectiveness depends on the alignment between their operational autonomy and organizational coordination, transcending the usual improvisation in the sector through a robust methodological architecture.
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Constitución política del estado de Jalisco: Garante de un nuevo pacto social
(2024)
Gutiérrez Zaragoza, Juan Raúl
;
Gatt Corona, Guillermo A.
This doctoral thesis analyzes the necessity of "refounding" the State of Jalisco through the enactment of a new Political Constitution, positioning it as the guarantor of a new social pact capable of addressing the region's contemporary challenges. Through a comprehensive review of constitutional theory, the history of federalism, and the specific constitutional antecedents of Jalisco, the author critiques the current excessive centralization of power by the Mexican federal government, as well as the prevailing problems of corruption, violence, and impunity. The research argues that the existing legal framework is insufficient to guarantee the well-being and security of the citizenry, proposing instead the convocation of a Constituent Assembly to draft a new constitution. This new instrument aims to recover state autonomy, strengthen institutions against corruption, and ensure the effective protection of human rights, effectively redefining the relationship between the government and the governed.
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El T-MEC como elemento de generación de confianza para la internacionalización de las empresas mexicanas
(2023)
Baker Pineda, Juan Carlos
;
Tovar García, Edgar Demetrio
The internationalization of companies allows them to access new markets and exploit other growth opportunities. There are several factors associated with a successful internationalization process, but research on these topics has been developed mainly in developed countries. For Mexico, whose international trade represents more than 80% of its GDP, understanding the elements that promote a successful internationalization process is essential. This thesis is made up of three chapters: the first analyzes the behavior of Mexico's trade with its partners in the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), to establish the importance of foreign trade for our country. Subsequently, the literature on the internationalization of companies and trust as a success factor in these processes is discussed. The analysis of the literature suggests that trust, especially for companies originating in developing countries, is indeed a crucial factor in internationalization. To test these ideas, a third chapter presents a quantitative analysis (through a regression analysis to establish the correlation between some variables representative of trust and the internationalization of companies) and a qualitative analysis (through three case studies of Mexican companies to illustrate their internationalization processes). The research concludes that trust is a critical component for international business success. These conclusions can support a series of actions – for both private and public actors – to assist Mexican companies, especially small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), to capitalize on the advantage of the trade agreements that the country has negotiated, especially the USMCA.
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Study of Factors that Affect the Performance of Researchers in Mexican Private Universities
(2024)
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Sánchez Garcia, Jaqueline Yvette
;
Ramírez Nafarrete, Adrián
The broad offer of private universities in Mexico increases the pressure for institutions to stand out for their quality. Pursuing national and international accreditations is a strategy frequently used by deans to position their institutions globally. However, reaching the quality standards defined by the accrediting bodies represents a challenge that requires important institutional efforts. This study focuses on improving institutional research, specifically through policy management. Our main objective is to identify the factors that, from the perspective of researchers, should be considered in the design of a research policy in private universities in Mexico. This is a frequently overlooked topic in research policy design, but highly relevant for decision-makers that want to reach institutional research goals while keeping researchers motivated. We designed a cross-sectional survey to identify the incentive preferences of researchers. We integrated a sample of 86 researchers of business and engineering areas of 10 private universities in Mexico. We analyzed the results of this survey through statistical methods, such as z-tests for differences in proportions and correlations tests, as well as Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and System Dynamics (SD) methodological frameworks. Findings suggest that the institutional research strategy should be aligned to the mission and vision of the university. From the survey, we identified that age, rather than salary range and years of experience, influence researchers’ preferences of financial incentives over non-financial incentives, and that delay in receiving an incentive plays a relevant role in their preferences and decision-making process. We found that work-life balance, research funding, and institutional support, are the most valued factors in the design of an effective research policy from the perspective of researchers. Finally, based on the prioritization results, it is concluded that balanced strategies are relevant to improve the performance and well-being of researchers, to ensure the competitiveness of universities and increase their leadership. Simulation scenarios demonstrate how changes in key leadership variables may affect the research capacity. These findings can help to develop more effective policies that consider academic staff, promoting the sustainability of research as one of the pillars of academic excellence.
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El falsacionismo de Karl Popper: antecedentes y recepción en el siglo XX
(Andrew Alexi Almazán Anaya, 2025)
Almazán Anaya, Andrew Alexi
;
Ross, Alberto
La tesis explora el valor del falsacionismo para la epistemología contemporánea a través de un análisis histórico y filosófico del desarrollo del método científico actual a partir de las ideas de Karl Popper. Se explora ampliamente la influencia de los principios filosóficos e históricos que dieron pie al desarrollo y uso de los distintos modelos científicos contemporáneos basados en la refutación de hipótesis (falsación) que se encuentra presente en múltiples investigaciones de índole cualitativo, cuantitativo y mixtos, entre otros. Se aborda la historia y la filosofía de este pensador bajo el entendimiento de su rol elemental en la epistemología
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Factores conductuales en la valuación de marcas: un enfoque de machine learning
(Víctor Miguel Morales González, 2025)
Morales González, Víctor Miguel
;
Dávila-Aragón, Griselda
;
Ortiz Arango, Francisco
La investigación propone una dinámica contemporánea del valor de marca desde una perspectiva integradora que vincula las teorías financieras clásicas con los enfoques conductuales y cognitivos. A partir de un modelo sustentado en análisis factorial confirmatorio, complementadas con algoritmos de machine learning y herramientas de explainable machine learning, en concordancia con los principios de las normas ISO 10668 e ISO 20671, estableciendo bases metodológicas para una valuación
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La distribución de las facultades impositivas en el sistema federal mexicano de acuerdo con la constitución política de los estados unidos mexicanos y el sistema nacional de coordinación fiscal.
(2021)
Zazueta Gutiérrez Carreras, Gabriel Franco
;
Cruz Covarrubias, Armando Enrique
This research work proposes to take a look at the federalism contravention in the magna carta on behalf of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation; this, based on the extensive interpretation that, in this regard, it makes in favor of the federation of article 73, section VII, in relation to article 124, both of the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States. Also, the insufficiency of fiscal resources available to the federal entities to defray their public expenditure based on said interpretation and its consequent creation of the National System of Fiscal Coordination, which aims to resolve the issue of tax competition, is observed. On the other hand, legal solutions and benefits for an adequate interpretation in relation to fiscal federalism in Mexico and, therefore, a different distribution of taxation powers between the different levels of Government are proposed. In this order of ideas, this analysis is carried out in the light of the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States of 1917 and the Fiscal Coordination Law in force, with the purpose of stablishing a new criterion of interpretation, in which the form of Government of the country and the sovereignty of the federative entities are respected.
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Diseño de vaso linfático artificial en el tratamiento de linfedema secundario por cáncer de mama
(2022)
Durán Aguilar, Gabriela
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Rosa Sierra, Luis Alberto
;
Fuentes Aguilar, Rita Quetziquel
El cáncer de mama es el tumor maligno que más frecuentemente afecta a las mujeres, tanto en Estados Unidos y Europa, así como en México. Como efecto adverso al realizar los tratamientos de este padecimiento, en la mayoría de los casos surge el linfedema secundario asociado al cáncer de mama. Esta complicación ocurre como resultado de la interrupción del flujo linfático en las extremidades superiores en conjunto a otros factores tales como radiación, sedentarismo, extracción de ganglios, daños en los vasos linfáticos, entre otras. En este proyecto de tesis se analizaron los cambios en los patrones de incidencia, mortalidad y supervivencia en cáncer de mama confirmando que, específicamente el padecimiento del linfedema tiene un alto impacto sanitario, social y económico, teniendo en cuenta que afecta fundamentalmente a mujeres en edades tempranas y que en un tercio de los casos se convierte en una enfermedad crónica. Por lo que se hace imprescindible la rehabilitación para una mejor calidad de vida en las pacientes que sobreviven de esta enfermedad. Actualmente existen tratamientos manuales, farmacológicos y cirugías para disminuir la alteración que sufre el paciente con linfedema; sin embargo, el éxito de los tratamientos depende de las características de cada paciente. Ante dicha problemática se planteó el diseño de un prototipo de vaso linfático para asistir la insuficiencia mecánica del sistema linfático dañado. A lo largo de este proyecto de tesis de grado se presenta la metodología de diseño utilizada, para el diseño de vaso linfático. Se espera que el cirujano pueda implantar, en un futuro, el prototipo de vaso linfático para restablecer con él la circulación de la linfa a través del sistema linfático, ayudando así al combate del linfedema.

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