Tovar-García, Edgar Demetrio
Main Affiliation
Preferred name
Tovar-García, Edgar Demetrio
ORCID
0000-0002-8826-0004
Researcher ID
G-7890-2015
Scopus Author ID
55412202000
33 results
Now showing 1 - 10 of 33
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Item type:Publication, Factors Contributing to the Relatively Low Gender Gap in Entrepreneurship in Russia<jats:p>Entrepreneurship is notably characterized by gender disparities, adversely impacting aggregate income and productivity. Accordingly, this study investigates the determinants of gender gaps in entrepreneurship in Russia, where the entrepreneurship gender gap, which is defined as the difference in entrepreneurial participation rates between men and women, is approximately 2%. Since the 2000s, this gap has remained relatively stable and is notably smaller than in many developed and developing countries. As such, the article highlights Russia’s relatively strong performance in fostering inclusive entrepreneurship using data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, encompassing 197,699 observations from 33,889 individuals (55% women) between 2000 and 2019. Based on panel data regression models and incorporating a comprehensive set of independent variables, including age, education, health status, marital status, number of children, religious participation, physical exercise, trust, migration background, ethnicity, and residence in Moscow and Saint Petersburg. The findings reveal that participation in physical exercise and religious events significantly predicts entrepreneurial activity by gender, offering insights for reducing gender disparities in entrepreneurship. In contrast, traditional variables such as education, marital status, and number of children exhibit negligible effects. These results remain robust across different measures of entrepreneurship and hold when differentiating between necessity-driven and opportunity-driven entrepreneurship. Therefore, the findings suggest that Russia’s experience in narrowing gender gaps in entrepreneurship may serve as a model for other countries.</jats:p> - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Relevancia y Gestión del Diseño Interior en la Construcción(Elsevier BV, 2024); El artículo examina la relevancia de integrar el diseño interior en la construcción. La originalidad del estudio radica en la carencia de estudios previos sobre el tema, a pesar de que la literatura más reciente subraya la necesidad de integrar desde el principio y hasta el final a todos los actores clave de una obra (propietarios, ingenieros, arquitectos, y otros). Sin embargo, en México poco se sabe sobre el papel del interiorista y cabría esperar que la situación sea similar en América Latina. Para ello se utilizó una encuesta, aplicada en 2022 a 56 constructores representativos de la población de agremiados a la Cámara Mexicana de la Industria de la Construcción (CMIC) del Estado de Jalisco (N=502; n=56). La evidencia sugiere que la adecuada gestión e integración del diseño interior en distintas etapas de un proyecto (particularmente en el anteproyecto, el proyecto ejecutivo, el presupuesto de inversión y los acabados) tiene como consecuencia aumentar su calidad, además, no se perciben incrementos injustificados en los costos (71% de los encuestados así lo señalan). Asimismo, el diseño interior es particularmente relevante para los constructores de vivienda con clientes de altos ingresos, quienes suelen demandar al interiorista. Sin embargo, cabe reconocer que la veracidad de las respuestas de los encuestados podría generar sesgos y futuras investigaciones son necesarias para corroborar los hallazgos y proporcionar nueva información. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Internationalization and Trust From the Perspective of Mexican Entrepreneurs: Policy Implications for Small‐ and Medium‐Sized Enterprises in Developing CountriesThis article examines the associations between trust—institutional and personal—and entrepreneurial internationalization by surveying to collect data from entrepreneurs (owners or chief executive officers). The survey involved a representative sample of 103 respondents who are members of the Employers Confederation of the Mexican Republic (Coparmex), Jalisco delegation. The survey process facilitated a comprehensive diagnosis, identifying trust levels among domestic and internationalized entrepreneurs. Based on <jats:italic>t‐</jats:italic>tests for mean comparisons, correlation, and regression analyses, the trust levels reported by entrepreneurs do not differentiate between those with exported sales and those with only local businesses. It suggests, all else being equal, that the trust of foreign partners should explain the possibilities for the internationalization of Mexican entrepreneurs. These findings have policy implications to support international networking and transparency by providing training in global business practices based on building trust with foreign partners and strengthening diplomatic relations and access to market information. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The Indirect Effects of Participation in Sports on Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Russian Longitudinal DataThe article presents a theoretical model and its corresponding empirical test on the indirect effects of participation in sports on entrepreneurship among non-professional athletes. The empirical strategy consists of panel data econometric techniques, controlling for confounding factors and possible endogeneity concerns. Data are taken from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (n = 197,699 observations from 33,889 individuals over the years 2000–2019). The results suggest that individuals who engage in sports and/or physical exercise are more likely to become entrepreneurs, including self-employed individuals, as well as to hire more workers compared to their sedentary counterparts. Overall, non-professional athletes may increase their likelihood of becoming entrepreneurs by 12% to 36% (odds ratios), and hire about 1% to 2% more employees. Therefore, entrepreneurship should be added to the long list of reasons for the promotion of sports and physical exercise. Other implications and specific findings by age, gender, and type of sport are discussed. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The Impact of Water Availability and Pollution on Economic Growth at the Sub-National Level: Evidence from Mexico(World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd, 2025-05-26); - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Religiosity and Wage Earnings in Post-Soviet Russia(2020)<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>This article empirically studies the relationship between religiosity, to be a believer or not and to what extent, and wage earnings in post-Soviet Russia. Mincer equations are estimated adding religious affiliation and religiosity as explanatory variables and using dynamic specifications, controlling for endogeneity and time-invariant independent variables. The empirical strategy includes working age individuals (eighteen to sixty) and uses longitudinal data (2000–2017). The results suggest that male believers suffer a wage penalty, about 7%. Moreover, on average, Muslims obtain lower earnings than do individuals from other religious affiliations, roughly 21% less income; for female Muslims this figure is even higher, about 38%. Nonetheless, analysing younger individuals (eighteen to forty-two), the findings are slightly different. In this case, female believers suffer a wage penalty, about 5%. The findings are robust under different specifications, controlling for education, work experience, civil status, migration background, ethnicity, city size, occupation, and macroeconomic conditions.</jats:p>Scopus© Citations 2 8 1 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Scopus© Citations 4 5 1 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Determinants of Public Debt Dynamics in Transition and Post-Transition Economies(2024-07-05)34 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Never married and earnings: evidence from Russia(2020)<jats:sec><jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Purpose</jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of civil status on wage earnings in post-Soviet Russia. Education and work experience are the key explanatory variables according to the Mincer function. In view of that, here, an extension of the Mincer equation is estimated, focusing on never married individuals versus other civil status (married people). Thus, testing the female wage penalty and the male wage premium hypotheses.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Design/methodology/approach</jats:title><jats:p>This study is based on dynamic panel data models, underlining the autoregressive nature of earnings, controlling for time-invariant independent variables and adding marriage as an explanatory variable. The models are estimated using longitudinal data over the years 2000–2017, taken from the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Findings</jats:title><jats:p>The results indicate that never married Russians do not obtain higher levels of wage earnings in comparison with those who are married or correspond to other civil status. However, there is evidence supporting a wage premium for men and weak evidence of a penalty for women. That is, the regression results indicate a wage penalty for never married men and a wage premium for never married women, yet this last finding is not robust. Therefore, the general findings of this research only partially agree with the most recent evidence in developed countries, where marriage is not anymore associated with wages.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Originality/value</jats:title><jats:p>These findings are highly relevant for public policies related to family development, a major concern for the Russian Government during the last two decades. There is a common idea that avoiding marriage is associated with intentions to obtain higher levels of earnings, but this is a problem of myopia.</jats:p></jats:sec>Scopus© Citations 1 5 1 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Economic Growth's Impact on Water Use and Pollution in Mexican Regions(2024); 45