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    Toward Fair Futures? Digital Transformation and Income Disparities in the Era of Industry 5.0
    (Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025) ;
    Rosa Carolina Valdes
    Digital transformation is revolutionizing industrial production systems, offering unprecedented opportunities for economic growth and innovation. Within this context, Industry 5.0 builds on these advancements by emphasizing sustainability and social stability, promising to integrate human-centric principles into industrial development. Using a theoretical Knowledge Economy equilibrium model, this article examines the interplay between technology and human skills, demonstrating how technological complementarity can lead to wage inequality and market failures. The non-monotonic relationship between technology and wage distribution highlights the complexity of achieving socio-economic sustainability. These objectives are particularly difficult to achieve in Latin America where the digital and geographical divide is structurally wide. While Industry 5.0 aspires to foster social stability, our findings suggest that targeted government interventions will likely be necessary to address these challenges and promote a more equitable income distribution. ©The authors ©Springer.
      16  3
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    Critical Factors for Financial Inclusion in Mexico
    Financial inclusion is widely regarded as an important driver of economic development and social well-being, yet existing evidence often treats inclusion as a uniform process. This study examines how different channels of financial inclusion relate to regional economic activity across Mexican states between 2018 and 2023. Distinguishing among traditional banking infrastructure, card-based financial products, and digital inclusion through mobile banking, the analysis finds that digital adoption is the most robust margin associated with higher economic activity, even after accounting for persistent regional differences. Dynamic evidence further suggests a sequential, mobile-first pattern of financial deepening, in which the expansion of mobile banking precedes improvements in economic performance and the later diffusion of credit-based instruments. In contrast, traditional access indicators display weaker short-run associations with regional output. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of technological channels and timing in shaping the economic impact of financial inclusion, particularly in regions where physical financial infrastructure remains limited. ©The authors ©MDPI
      11  1
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    The Role of Development and Commercial Banking in Promoting Economic Growth in Mexico: A Sectoral Analysis
    (MDPI, 2024)
    Gil-Jardón, Jesús Antonio
    ;
    ;
    This study examines the impact of credit extended by both commercial and development banks on exports, GDP, and FDI across different sectors in Mexico. The research lies within the broader context of financial sector development and its role in promoting regional development and economic growth. We use panel data techniques to compare traditional models that include only commercial bank credit with models incorporating development bank credit. Our results emphasize the different and complementary roles of commercial and development banks. The latter is crucial in addressing market failures and supporting long-term, socially and economically beneficial projects. The study concludes that development bank credit should be integrated into economic studies to better understand its contribution to sustainable growth. It suggests that policymakers should coordinate the roles of both banking sectors to foster a balanced and resilient economy. ©The Authors ©MDPI
      15
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    The Perils of Asymmetrical Technological Changes in a Knowledge Economy with Complete Markets
    (MDPI, 2023) ;
    Valdés, Rosa Carolina
    How does the asymmetrical adoption of advanced communication technology affect economic and social sustainability? We examined the impact of Industry 4.0 on these two pillars of sustainability, focusing on the productivity divide arising from the asymmetric adoption of advanced technologies. We used a theoretical, general equilibrium model to describe a population within a knowledge economy with complete markets who gets exposed to a generally available advanced technology. Our main assumption was that only the more-knowledgeable individuals are able to adopt or fully benefit from the technology, leaving the unskilled ones behind. We demonstrate that this asymmetry prevents the property of positive sorting to apply, leading to a failure to sustain an equilibrium. The divide between knowledgeable and less-skilled individuals poses challenges for workers situated around the boundary, who face penalties in terms of employability and cost-effectiveness. Bridging this skill gap is crucial for inclusive growth. Policy recommendations include retraining programs, accessible education, and targeted policies promoting technology diffusion. As a possible extension, the model could be adapted to analyze collective bargaining agreements.
      1  6Scopus© Citations 2
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    Quality Strategies in Frictional Search Models
    (Wiley, 2025-05-05)
    We explore quality-based strategies in frictional online markets using a targeted search model with vertical differentiation and heterogeneous agents. Firms self-select into high- or low-quality segments and compete in prices. We demonstrate that reduced search costs amplify the prominence of quality, leading to an increase in the market share of high-quality designs. While low-quality firms dominate when cost differentials are large, declining search frictions amplify the prominence of the quality attribute. The raised importance of quality triggers dual effects: a higher price sensitivity, leading to further price reductions across all products, and a boost in demand for high-quality designs. Our findings offer insights into the recent dynamics of online markets, explaining the expansion of high-quality segments and providing a strategic framework for firms to navigate evolving consumer preferences in increasingly transparent markets. ©The author ©Journal of Economics & Management Strategy ©Wiley.
      16  27
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    Scopus© Citations 1  18
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      20
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    The Role of Development and Commercial Banking in Promoting Economic Growth in Mexico: A Sectoral Analysis
    <jats:p>This study examines the impact of credit extended by both commercial and development banks on exports, GDP, and FDI across different sectors in Mexico. The research lies within the broader context of financial sector development and its role in promoting regional development and economic growth. We use panel data techniques to compare traditional models that include only commercial bank credit with models incorporating development bank credit. Our results emphasize the different and complementary roles of commercial and development banks. The latter is crucial in addressing market failures and supporting long-term, socially and economically beneficial projects. The study concludes that development bank credit should be integrated into economic studies to better understand its contribution to sustainable growth. It suggests that policymakers should coordinate the roles of both banking sectors to foster a balanced and resilient economy.</jats:p>
      19
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    The Effects of Flexible Workspace on Organizational Structure and Inequality: An Equilibrium Analysis
    (Springer, 2023) ;
    García-Cano , Gabriela
    The need to implement home-office after the COVID-19 pandemic impacts the flow of knowledge transmitted within an organization. As companies restructure their hierarchies to ensure the best use of the time of their managers, impactful changes in the job markets will follow. Using a general equilibrium approach, we predict that an increase in internal communication costs generates a fall in the economy’s wealth, a decline in the dispersion of wages and also of managers’ compensations, but an increase in overall inequality. Moreover, we predict that the new configuration of the economy will feature more firms, but of smaller size. ©Springer ©The authors.
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