Tovar-García, Edgar Demetrio

Main Affiliation
Preferred name
Tovar-García, Edgar Demetrio
ORCID
0000-0002-8826-0004
Researcher ID
G-7890-2015
Scopus Author ID
55412202000

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    The Impact of Water Availability and Pollution on Economic Growth at the Sub-National Level: Evidence from Mexico
    (World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd, 2025-05-26)
    Navarro Guerrero, Rodrigo  
    ;
    Dávila Sandoval Triga Alicia
    ;
    Tovar-García, Edgar Demetrio  
    There is no doubt about the significance of water for economic activities at the microeconomic level. By contrast, the evidence is inconclusive at the macroeconomic level, particularly concerning economic growth. Arguably, the expected positive nexus between water and growth is obscured by factor mobility and aggregation of economic activities in a large space (the whole country). Nonetheless, the water-growth nexus should be observable at sub-national levels. Accordingly, we test the significance of water for the economic growth of the 32 Mexican states over the years 2005–2020. We build a unique data set with measures of water availability (the ratio of water withdrawals to renewable water resources) and pollution (biological oxygen demand). Using dynamic panel techniques that control for endogeneity concerns, it is found that water explains per capita GDP levels, but there is no evidence favoring a relationship with GDP growth rates. Nonetheless, policymakers should recognize the positive association between water resources and economic growth. Subsequently, they should formulate policies to promote innovation and efficiency in water use, together with measures dedicated to preserving and improving water quality. These findings are significant for Mexican states facing water underutilization, particularly in the south, and those near overexploitation, particularly in the north and central regions. In economically disadvantaged southern Mexico, increasing water usage can spur economic growth. However, to facilitate overall economic development, it could be necessary for this region to engage in water trade with the more prosperous northern and central regions of the country.
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    Relevancia y Gestión del Diseño Interior en la Construcción
    (Elsevier BV, 2024)
    Sánchez-Pelayo, Alejandra Lissete
    ;
    Tovar-García, Edgar Demetrio  
    ;
    Moreno Abril, Francisco  
    El artículo examina la relevancia de integrar el diseño interior en la construcción. La originalidad del estudio radica en la carencia de estudios previos sobre el tema, a pesar de que la literatura más reciente subraya la necesidad de integrar desde el principio y hasta el final a todos los actores clave de una obra (propietarios, ingenieros, arquitectos, y otros). Sin embargo, en México poco se sabe sobre el papel del interiorista y cabría esperar que la situación sea similar en América Latina. Para ello se utilizó una encuesta, aplicada en 2022 a 56 constructores representativos de la población de agremiados a la Cámara Mexicana de la Industria de la Construcción (CMIC) del Estado de Jalisco (N=502; n=56). La evidencia sugiere que la adecuada gestión e integración del diseño interior en distintas etapas de un proyecto (particularmente en el anteproyecto, el proyecto ejecutivo, el presupuesto de inversión y los acabados) tiene como consecuencia aumentar su calidad, además, no se perciben incrementos injustificados en los costos (71% de los encuestados así lo señalan). Asimismo, el diseño interior es particularmente relevante para los constructores de vivienda con clientes de altos ingresos, quienes suelen demandar al interiorista. Sin embargo, cabe reconocer que la veracidad de las respuestas de los encuestados podría generar sesgos y futuras investigaciones son necesarias para corroborar los hallazgos y proporcionar nueva información.
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    Impacto de la estructura tributaria sobre el crecimiento económico: el caso de México
    (Universidad Panamericana, 2018)
    Banda-Ortiz Humberto
    ;
    Tovar-García, Edgar Demetrio  
    En este artículo se estudia empíricamente el impacto de la estructura tributaria sobre el crecimiento económico de México de 2005 a 2016. Se desarrolló un modelo econométrico usando como variables independientes: impuesto sobre la renta, impuesto al valor agregado, impuesto especial sobre la producción y servicios e impuesto sobre las importaciones. Los resultados mostraron un efecto negativo y significativo sobre el PIB per cápita del impuesto sobre la renta. Por el contrario, el impuesto al valor agregado mostró impactos positivos. Por lo tanto, la recomendación es apoyar una estructura tributaria donde el impuesto sobre la renta tenga poca relevancia. Por la falta de datos para algunas variables para años previos al 2005, el análisis está limitado al periodo de estudio enunciado. No obstante, esta es la primera investigación sobre el nexo crecimiento económico y estructura fiscal para México, aunque dicho nexo se ha estudiado en varios países desarrollados y en unos pocos países en vías de desarrollo. En línea con esa literatura, en México también se encuentra que la estructura tributaria afecta el crecimiento económico en el largo plazo.
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    Never married and earnings: evidence from Russia
    (2020)
    Tovar-García, Edgar Demetrio  
    <jats:sec><jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Purpose</jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of civil status on wage earnings in post-Soviet Russia. Education and work experience are the key explanatory variables according to the Mincer function. In view of that, here, an extension of the Mincer equation is estimated, focusing on never married individuals versus other civil status (married people). Thus, testing the female wage penalty and the male wage premium hypotheses.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Design/methodology/approach</jats:title><jats:p>This study is based on dynamic panel data models, underlining the autoregressive nature of earnings, controlling for time-invariant independent variables and adding marriage as an explanatory variable. The models are estimated using longitudinal data over the years 2000–2017, taken from the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Findings</jats:title><jats:p>The results indicate that never married Russians do not obtain higher levels of wage earnings in comparison with those who are married or correspond to other civil status. However, there is evidence supporting a wage premium for men and weak evidence of a penalty for women. That is, the regression results indicate a wage penalty for never married men and a wage premium for never married women, yet this last finding is not robust. Therefore, the general findings of this research only partially agree with the most recent evidence in developed countries, where marriage is not anymore associated with wages.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type="abstract-subheading">Originality/value</jats:title><jats:p>These findings are highly relevant for public policies related to family development, a major concern for the Russian Government during the last two decades. There is a common idea that avoiding marriage is associated with intentions to obtain higher levels of earnings, but this is a problem of myopia.</jats:p></jats:sec>
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    A note on institutional trust and poverty: evidence from Latin America
    (2023)
    Tovar-García, Edgar Demetrio  
    <jats:p>This short paper argues that institutional trust should be considered as an additional factor influencing poverty at the macroeconomic level. By examining a sample of Latin American countries and analyzing annual data from 1995 to 2019 using panel data techniques such as cointegration analysis and panel fully modified least squares, this study estimates the long-term relationships between poverty, economic growth, inequality, and institutional trust. As hypothesized, the empirical evidence suggests that institutional trust also reduces poverty. These findings hold particular significance for Latin America, where inequality levels are relatively high, institutional trust is low, and poverty rates have only recently begun to decline. Therefore, to alleviate poverty, it is crucial to implement public policies that restore and enhance institutional trust.</jats:p>
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