Núm. 33 (2022) enero-junio

Leonardo Polo’s Transcendental Anthropology could be a substantial contribution to the foundation of «Education», that’s why it is pertinent to broaden its study and use it in the philosophy of education. Polo’s anthropology distinguishes in man a triple dimension: a) the human nature, composed of the body and the soul –with its faculties of intelligence and will– in a natural state; b) the human essence, consisting of the perfections acquired in nature –habits of the intelligence and virtues of the will– from the act of being through the innate habit of synderesis (the modern self); c) the personal act of being, composed by free coexistence, personal knowing and personal loving. Approaching issues of philosophy of education, Polo defines the educational task as «helping to grow», a notion he acquires from the Spanish edu-cator Tomás Alvira. Through a bibliographical review of Polo’s anthropological work, this concept of education is explored in depth. Analyzing the Polian writings, it is concluded that education must be developed from the person, because in this way, each man –unique and unrepeatable–, with the guidance and help of his educators, will be able to fulfill his intimate mission and grow in an unrestricted way in habits of the intelligence and virtues of the will.

Reflection on issues related to moral education, not only in its theoretical conception, but in its implementation within the classroom, is essential for the right exercise of the teaching profession. For this reason, the contributions made by Aristotle and John Stuart Mill to moral education are analyzed to build a pedagogical reflection that facilitates the understanding of the moral development of students in the current educational context. From a philosophical perspective, an analytical method is used based on the study of the postulates of the ethics of virtue and utilitarianism; specifically on issues related to the moral development of subjects, happiness, or the importance of reasoning in the face of moral conflicts to understand what contributions can be applied to current education. The main conclusions drawn after the study are the importance of critically reflecting in schools on concepts such as prudence, virtue, happiness, or citizenship; as well as the richness that the incorporation of con-cepts such as virtue brings to the educational debate. In addition, developing virtues in the student body will allow them to know the good, wish it and practice it.

The conception, design, and construction of classroom space in education has under-gone transformations throughout history; it has moved from a traditional space in which functionality, sunlight, ventilation, and scale were privileged, to another design under the COVID-19 context in which priority is given to flexibility, recalculation of capacity, air circulation and open spaces. The objective of this research is to conduct a systematic literature review that contemplates empirical research on classroom space configuration in education during the period from 2015 to 2021. The following were considered as inclusion criteria: articles addressing the topic of the classroom space for learning; publications between 2015-2021 and conducted in the context of Ibero America. The open access databases SCIELO, REDALYC and search engines such as INVENTIO were used. In total, a database of 111 articles was compiled, from which 18 selected articles were filtered based on the inclusion criteria. The results were analyzed based on the content analysis strategy. Eight of the research were identified from Spain, 3 from Mexico, 3 from Colombia, 1 from Peru, 1 from Ecuador, 1 from Venezuela and 1 from Panama. It is concluded that there is a need to create classroom spaces that meet the criteria of limited capacity and ventilation for the COVID-19 context without neglecting the use of strategies that promote collaborative learning.