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Item type:Publication, ¿Falta de ética de la asociación médica mundial y de otros organismos internacionales?En 1997, Lurie y Wolfe denunciaron en la revista New England Journal of Medicine a un grupo de médicos, auspiciados por la industria farmacéutica, que habían realizado 15 investigaciones en países subdesarrollados, que incluían procedimientos que faltaban a todos los códigos éticos que a partirde los juicios Nuremberg daban sustento moral a la investigación. Se trataba de estudios en los que se investigaban un medicamento nuevo o dosis alternativas de alguno conocido para evitar la transmisión perinatal del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). El grave problema ético consistió en que en estos estudios se emplearon como grupos testigos (controles) de la investigación a mujeres embarazadas infectadas con VIH a las que se les administró un placebo. Desde 1994 se sabía que un régimen intenso con zidovudine (AZT) aplicado a la mujer infectada durante los últimos meses de su embarazo y en el parto, puede reducir drásticamente la transmisión verticaldel VIH al recién nacido. El reporte original de Connory colaboradores, señalaba una disminución de 25.5 a 8.3 %.3 A partirde 1995, añadiendo otras medidas (cesárea antes del trabajo de parto, medicación al recién nacido y supresión de la lactancia materna), la transmisión vertical del VIH se redujo 1 a 2 %. © Los autores © Gaceta Médica de México © Academia Nacional de Medicina. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, From Aristotle via Aquinas: Understanding Formal Cause in Marshall McLuhan’s PhilosophyThis book brings together a number of prominent scholars to explore a relatively under-studied area of Marshall McLuhan’s thought: his idea of formal cause and the role that formal cause plays in the emergence of new technologies and in structuring societal relations. ©The authors ©Intellect. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Women in Mexican Politics: A Study of Representation in a Renewed Federal and Democratic StateThis book offers an analysis of how women's participation is conducted in Mexico´s political sphere. Federalization and decentralization processes can have a significant impact on women's participation and discrimination. By questioning the form in which a democratic state is built (that is, the degree of (de)centralization) the book looks to a set of forms and processes affecting women's political life. A decentralized form of state-government implies three levels of government in which women (or any other group of people) can have active participation: central-federal government, state-regional-province government, and local (municipalities) government. This book offers an analysis of how gender discrimination operates in a different way in each of these levels of government and the corresponding political activity. Policies that fight against gender discrimination and promote women's participation, in both administration and political parties, do not always operate cooperatively, and often exist in contradiction with each other. © 2017 by Lexington Books. All rights reserved.. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Soft Power and Public Diplomacy: The Case of the European Union in BrazilThis research starts from the hypothesis that public diplomacy helps the European Union (EU) strengthen its soft power. Given the significance of Brazil as a strategic partner in Latin America, it is therefore important to identify and analyze the ways in which the EU has developed its public diplomacy with this country. With the aim of contributing to the analysis of the EU’s international activities from the perspective of public diplomacy, the following questions will be answered: Which public diplomacy activities does the EU practice in Brazil? Which challenges and opportunities does the EU face in the application of soft power? This article firstly develops a theoretical framework on the EU’s soft power resources. Secondly, a contextual framework is presented regarding the EU’s relations with Latin America, Mercosur, and Brazil in the last three years (2011-2013), which coincide with the start of the supranational and official EU diplomatic service: the European External Action Service (EEAS). Finally, there follows the identification and analysis of EU public diplomacy activities in Brazil. This research draws upon existing academic publications, official EU documents and websites, and interviews with personnel from the EEAS (in Brussels and Brasilia) and DG Development and Cooperation (DG DEVCO). ©The author ©Figueroa Press. . - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Framing the 'Clash of Civilization' in Europe: Interaction between Political and Media FramesThe present study reviews the foci, symbols and interpretations that the European media use to formulate and spread the political message about the “clash of civilizations”. This means observing how this cultural clash is articulated in political discourse and how this is then reflected in the leading European media. To carry out this study, we compared the frames found in several significant political discourses (Bush, Ahmadinejad, Sarkozy, Gül) and those encountered in the coverage of these same discourses in the following European newspapers: The Guardian, Le Monde, Frankfürter Allemaigne. Through this specific case, the research also explores what is the process of the frame elaboration and which conditions make political discourse more effective and attractive for the media to assimilate them. ©The authors ©Journal Media and Communication Studies. Copyright © Elsevier Inc. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Framing as a tool for mediatic diplomacy analysis: study of George W. Bush’s political discourse in the “War on Terror”Public diplomacy is an international political communication activity to which States and other organizations resort in order to achieve political objectives abroad and to establish positive relations with foreign publics. It is an activity that has evolved to adapt to the new global context, adding new characteristics and giving place to the so-called “new public diplomacy”. One of the different variants of public diplomacy is mediatic diplomacy, whose end is to get the public diplomacy’s message transmitted by institutional media or to get a positive coverage by foreign media. This article proposes a specific process to apply the framing theory as a tool for political discourse analysis, an essential element of mediatic diplomacy. The process is applied to George W. Bush’s political discourse during the first months of the “War on Terror”. ©The author © 2013 Communication&Society/Comunicación y Sociedad. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, The Expropriation of YPF from Repsol in the Argentine Press: Analyzing Framing in Opinion Pieces through Rhetorical CriticismThis article examines how opinion articles in the Argentine press framed the government’s expropriation of Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales (YPF) from Repsol in 2012. By understanding frames as narratives composed by the interrelation of the functions of frame, and adopting Kuyper’s proposal to analyze framing from the perspective of rhetorical criticism, this study focuses on two newspapers with opposing editorial lines (La Nación and Página 12) and identifies two different narratives shaping the reporting of this story. The results also reveal two different views of the role of the market and the state in the economy and in the management of energy resources. ©The author ©CEU San Pablo University. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Public Diplomacy: European and Latin American PerspectivesPublic diplomacy is a diplomatic and international communication activity aimed at foreign publics and seeking to create a positive image and/or political influence, contributing to the achievement of foreign policy goals.|| On June 9th, 2015, public diplomacy scholars and practitioners coming from Europe and Latin America gathered in a research seminar organised by the Centre for International Relations Studies (CEFIR), at the University of Liège. They contributed their works on public diplomacy from the perspectives of its cultural, communicative and image components. The result of that seminar is this book, which reflects the current diversity of theoretical aspects and practices of public diplomacy. || Taking the European Union, some Latin American countries (Venezuela and Mexico) and even civil society organisations as the actors whose public diplomacy actions are studied, this book provides both reflections and empirical analysis of public diplomacy strategies developed from different angles. ©P.I.E. Peter Lang. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Schleiermacher on Plato: From Form (Introduction to Plato’s Works) to Content (Outlines of a Critique of Previous Ethical Theory)Plato was a major point of reference and important intellectual tool for numerous post-Kantian thinkers struggling to overcome Kant’s transcendental ideal ism, with its unwelcome division between the unknowable “thing in itself” and what the object is “for us” under the conditions of experience. Yet nowhere—not in Schlegel, Schelling, Humboldt, or Hegel—does Plato occupy a more central, stable, or elaborate place than in the work of Friedrich Schleiermacher.Interpreters have often spoken of Schleiermacher’s “Platonism”. While the exact implications of this general label need to be specified, it does capture the fact that Schleiermacher’s references to Plato throughout his philosophical works are numerous and usually very positive—indeed, always, when the first principles of philosophy are at stake. This is especially the case in his Discourses on Religion; his lectures on Dialectic, on Ethics, and Aesthetics; in various lectures given at the Berlin Academy; and most densely in the work I shall examine here in some detail, the Outlines of a Critique of Previous Ethical Theory (Grundlinien einer Kritik bisherigen Sittenlehre). ©The autor ©Brill8 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Framing and Political Discourse Analysis: Bush’s trip to Europe in 2005Framing empirical research analyzes the construction (frame building) and influence (frame effects) of the frames with which different social agents interpret and communicate reality. Based on Entman’s (2004; 2008) and Kuypers’ (2008; 2009) contributions, this paper proposes and applies a qualitative methodology for the analysis of frame building in political discourse. It is located, therefore, on the strategic and methodological lines of framing research in political communication (Bartolomé; Rodríguez & Sádaba, 2012). As Kinder and Sanders state, frames are “invented and employed by political elites, often with an eye on advancing their own interests or ideologies, and intended to make favorable interpretations prevail” (Kinder & Sanders, 1990, p. 74). The paper includes a theoretical framework that reviews the evolution of framing literature in Communication, focusing especially on empirical studies. The contributions adopted for the elaboration of the methodology and the application process are explained in detail. The context of the case study, Bush’s discourse about the War on Terror on his trip to Europe in February 2005, is revised. Finally, the results obtained and the conclusions. ©The author ©Observatorio (OBS*) Journal4