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Brazil’s National Power Evolution and Geostructural Positioning
(Springer Nature Singapore, 2025)
Ruvalcaba, Daniel Morales
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Apango Partida, Mónica
This chapter examines Brazil’s national power’s evolution and geostructural positioning in the international system since the end of the Cold War. From a methodological perspective, a theoretical approach is adopted, conceptualising national-international power as a multidimensional, dynamic, and recursive combination of capacities. The analysis is based on the use of the World Power Index (WPI), a quantitative tool that allows for the measurement and comparison of Brazil’s power over time, providing an empirical basis for understanding its trajectory. Within this framework, the material, semimaterial, and immaterial capacities that have defined the configuration of its national power are assessed. The chapter is organised into four main sections. The first provides a historical review of Brazil’s national power, contextualising its position as a semiperipheral country in the global system. The second analyses the evolution of Brazilian power since the end of the Cold War, identifying a cycle characterised by short phases of rise and decline (1990–2002), a prolonged phase of emerging consolidation (2003–2011), and, subsequently, a sustained period of decline that began in 2012 and started to reverse from 2021 onward. The third section presents a diachronic analysis of Brazil’s material, semimaterial, and immaterial capacities. Finally, the fourth section examines its geostructural positioning at both regional and global levels, exploring its main roles as a regional power with global aspirations. The academic importance of this chapter lies in its innovative analysis of Brazil’s national power, which combines a historical and quantitative approach with a comprehensive perspective on power. This approach enables an understanding of how Brazil has balanced its regional leadership with its insertion into the international system while transiting cycles of rise and decline in its national power.
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A Latin American Perspective of Digital Transformation and Innovation in Organizations: An Introduction
(Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025)
Velázquez-Salazar, Marisol
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Terán-Bustamante, Antonia
Digital transformation is a key component of an organization’s transformation strategy. The right technologies, people, processes, and operations allow organizations to respond faster to a changing market, adapt, take advantage of opportunities, innovate, and generate value and competitive advantages. This paper discusses the Digital Transformation (DT) in Latin America, highlighting its accelerated growth due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It explores the digital divide and inequalities between sectors, with some industries advancing faster than others. The document emphasizes the need for human-centric approaches to DT and the importance of public policies to ensure equitable access and protection. It also examines different authors’ definitions and perspectives on DT, emphasizing the importance of data-driven processes and the role of digital capabilities in organizational success. ©The authors ©Springer.
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Intersection of Banking, Social Welfare, and Digital Transformation: The Mexican Case, a Latin American Perspective
(Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025)
Terán-Bustamante, Antonia
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González-Rossano, Carlos
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Rivas Aceves, Salvador
The banking system has been instrumental in developing economies throughout history, as it has effectively directed the funds collected from their clients’ savings and investments into productive activities of individuals and enterprises, financed consumer goods and current expenditures, housing and infrastructure projects, and provided market liquidity. However, in Latin America and amid digital transformation, banks face the dual challenge of modernizing operations while addressing socio-economic disparities. This study shows that fluctuations in operational measurements of top Mexican banks significantly affect changes in the widely used global measure of social welfare, the Human Development Index. We evaluated findings by using a machine learning prediction model and a panel data estimation, and underline how digital transformation in banking using emerging technologies to increase public access to financial services, especially credit loans for marginalized populations, can improve customer experience and financial inclusion to exploit this correlation. This approach provides a framework for understanding the potential of digital technologies to drive competitive advantages and social benefits across Latin America. ©The authors ©Springer.
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Promoting Identities: An Overview of the Development of Nation Branding in Latin America
(UK Zhende Publishing Limited Company, 2024)
Azpíroz, María-Luisa
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Rodríguez-Espínola, Amanda
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Jiménez-Martínez, César
This study analyzes and compares nation branding strategies implemented by Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru, since their first initiatives until 2020. Literature on nation branding in the countries under study is explored. The strategies implemented by each country were analyzed and compared. Argentina maintained a strategy focused on tourism but underwent logo and institutional changes. Brazil sought to stand out as a technological and innovative country. Chile focused on promoting investments and exports while creating a national identity. Colombia promoted international and domestic tourism, aiming to improve its international image and citizens self-esteem. Mexico maintained its logo and strategy of promoting tourism, investments, and exports until the dissolution of ProMexico under López Obrador’s administration. Peru maintained a strategy focused on tourism and gastronomy. During their first two decades, nation branding in Latin America has been characterized by, firstly, being strongly associated with the interests of governments in power. Secondly, by having authorities as main actors, often to the detriment of citizens’ perspectives. Finally, nation branding strategies in Latin America have privileged limited versions of national identity that have been perceived as appealing for international markets. ©The authors © Review of Communication Research (RCR) - All Rights Reserved.
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Capabilities and education in Latin America
(Universidad Panamericana, 2024-08-15)
González M., Sebastián Alejandro
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López Gómez, Catalina
Este artículo explora las tesis fundamentales del enfoque de las capacidades y lo diferencia de las nociones de desarrollo más centradas en la generación de riqueza y crecimiento. El artículo destaca la importancia de la acción en el desarrollo de proyectos de vida y describe la importancia de la emancipación en el ejercicio de las libertades. A continuación, describe los retos de la educación desde la perspectiva del enfoque de las capacidades. Sitúa la importancia de este enfoque en el contexto latinoamericano, donde la libertad está estrechamente vinculada a la búsqueda de la justicia social. Por último, describe los diferentes ámbitos de aplicación del enfoque de las capacidades en la educación y señala las limitaciones de la educación formal en el mundo contemporáneo.
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Self-Enhancement in Latin America: Is It Linked to Interdependence?
(SAGE Publications Inc., 2025)
Salvador, Cristina E.
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Idrovo Carlier, Sandra
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Ishii, Keiko
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Castillo Torres, Carolina
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Nanakdewa, Kevin
Although individuals of Latin American heritage ( Latin Americans in short) are considered interdependent, they also value traits like uniqueness and positivity, like individuals of European American cultural heritage, who are considered independent. It remains unclear whether this inclination toward positivity extends to a bias in self-perception known as self-enhancement. Moreover, if Latin Americans are indeed self-enhancing, it is uncertain how these tendencies align with their interdependent cultural orientation. In this article, we report three studies ( N = 1,246) with three operationalizations of self-enhancement. We found that Mexicans, Colombians, and Ecuadorians show self-enhancement that is mostly similar in magnitude to European Americans. Notably, Study 3 found that self-enhancement is related to interdependence in Latin America: Unlike European Americans, Latin Americans in Ecuador exhibited stronger self-enhancement when interdependence is primed rather than independence. Our findings suggest that among Latin American individuals, self-enhancement not only exists but also reinforces interdependence. ©The authors ©Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
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Transpacific Integration and Open Regionalism: The Case of Singapore as Associated State of the Pacific Alliance
(Nurimedia Co. Ltd., 2024)
Fonseca, Fabricio A.
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Sanchez Orozco, Miriam L.
The Transpacific integration process is entering its third decade, and it encompasses a vast number of economic agreements and a wide range of actors on both sides of the Pacific. In the side of Latin America, the Pacific Alliance (PA) and its member states have been identified as using the concept of open regionalism to maximize their integration efforts, not only between themselves, but also with their counterparts in the Asia-Pacific. With the introduction of the category of Associated State, the PA founding members (Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru) have been able to add a new dimension to this Transpacific integration process. In 2022, Singapore was the first country to receive that category after finalizing negotiations for a free trade agreement with all the Alliance members. Other candidates are Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and more recently, South Korea. This article intends to trace the process of Singapore’s partnership with the PA, exploring the different motivations and features of economic ties between both sides of this new development. Therefore, through the observation of qualitative data and descriptive statistics, we suggest that it is possible to move beyond material incentives and drives, and emphasize elements such as shared values and ideas, in order to better comprehend the decision of those actors in coming together and continue promoting notions associated with a liberal and multilateral trading system, as a preferred model for Transpacific cooperation. ©The authors ©Nurimedia Co. Ltd ©Korean Association Of International Studies
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The impact of externalized pancreatic stents in our practice: A comparison of outcomes after pancreaticoduodenectomy in two time periods
(Elsevier, 2025)
Arias-Espinosa, Luis
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Nordmann-Gomes, Alberto
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Zorrilla-Villalobos, A.
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Vargas-España Andres
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Malcher, Flavio
Background: Postoperative pancreatic fistula is a severe complication of pancreaticoduodenectomy. Using an externalized pancreatic stent is a potential mitigation strategy not previously studied in Latin America. Methods: Pancreaticoduodenectomies performed in a single center between 2006 and 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical variables were collected with a 90-day follow-up according to stent intervention: externalized stent (ES), internal stent (IS), or no stent. Before and after ES implementation (2016) periods were also compared. ©The authors ©The American Journal of Surgery (AJS) © Elsevier.
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Universalidad en disputa: la lógica de la dominación cultural en el Debate de Valladolid (1550-51)
(Universidad Panamericana. Facultad de Filosofía, 2019)
Aguerre, Lucía A.
En este artículo se desarrolla una hermeneusis filosófica del “Debate de Valladolid” (1550-51) centrada en la noción de “universalidad”, poniendo de relieve los elementos universalistas presentes tanto en la fundamentación de una praxis de dominación colonial desarrollada por Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda como en el reconocimiento de la diversidad cultural que sostuvo Bartolomé de las Casas. Se estudia, en primer lugar, el contexto histórico-ideológico de la conquista, para luego reparar en los argumentos de de Sepúlveda sobre la barbarie, la superioridad cultural y el derecho de dominio, los cuales establecieron una “lógica de la dominación cultural”. En ese marco, de Sepúlveda pretendió instaurar una fractura entre culturas “civilizadas” y culturas “bárbaras”, en las que la esencia humana se revelaba de manera deficiente. Seguidamente, se analizan las objeciones a la “fractura colonial” presentadas por de las Casas, quien compone una postura alternativa resignificando el concepto de “universalidad” que habitaba los argumentos diferencialistas de de Sepúlveda.
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Revisión sistematizada de la producción académica sobre diplomacia pública latinoamericana
(EPI SCP, 2024)
Azpíroz, María-Luisa
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Rodriguez Espínola, Amanda
Public diplomacy is an international political communication activity used by countries to achieve political objectives abroad and establish positive relationships with foreign publics. There are four types of public diplomacy: cultural, media, branding, and niche. Methodology: Following the SALSA framework and the PRISMA statement’s four-phase flow diagram, this paper seeks to answer the following research questions: How has the production of academic literature about Latin American public diplomacy evolved? What are the characteristics of the production country by country? What characterizes such production according to the type of public diplomacy it is focused on? The systematic review of the academic literature on Latin American public diplomacy resulted in a sample of 95 items published in databases such as Scopus, Science Direct, SpringerLink, ProQuest One Academic, Jstor, and DOAJ. Results: Academic publications on Latin American public diplomacy emerged in 2007 and have grown consistently since 2016. The primary focus has been on Brazil, Mexico, and Colombia, with Brazil and Colombia being the primary editors of journals publishing articles on the topic. Studies on Brazil and branding constitute a significant portion of the research, representing 28% and 60% of the sample, respectively. Conclusions: Academic production about Latin American public diplomacy begins later than that focused on other parts of the world, consistent with its later practice in the region. The dominant powers have the leading role. Branding focused on promoting tourism, investment, and exports, is the type of public diplomacy generating the most interest, to the detriment of strategies with more political weight such as media diplomacy. Keywords. © 2024, El Profesional de la Informacion. All rights reserved.
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