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Dynamic effect of legal complexity on the value added tax in Mexico
(Economics Bulletin, 2025)
Moreno Espinosa, Javier
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Mata, Leovardo
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Beltrán, Jaime Humberto
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Dávila-Aragón, Griselda
This paper studies legal complexity and its dynamic relationship with the Value Added Tax Law, from its original version published in 1978 to the current version. To this end, the variables structure, entropy, and interdependence of the legal texts associated with the VAT Law constitute the complexity index. A VAR model then finds evidence of Granger causality between legal complexity and VAT, although no cointegration relationship exists. Furthermore, an inverse relationship between the variables is confirmed, quantifying the short-term effect of legal complexity and comparing it for robustness with the estimation of an ARIMAX and generalized OLS model. © 2025, The authors. © Economics Bulletin. All rights reserved.
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Episiotomy Decision‐Making and Perceived Consequences: A Qualitative Study From Two Public Hospitals in Mexico
(Wiley, 2026)
Jaimes‐Jiménez, Ithandehui
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Valtierra‐Gutiérrez, Erika Sofia
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González‐De Ita, Rodrigo A.
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Caballero‐Torres, Luis Ernesto
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González‐Ledesma, Arturo
Introduction: Episiotomy remains a widely performed procedure in many countries, despite international recommendations favoring a restrictive approach. In Mexico, high rates persist in several settings, including public hospitals. Understanding the factors that sustain this practice is key to designing evidence-based respectful birth care strategies. This study aimed to explore healthcare professionals' perspectives on the decision-making process, performance, and perceived consequences of episiotomy, and to engage them in the co-design of behavioral science–informed interventions to promote its restrictive use. Methods: A two-phase qualitative study was conducted in two public hospitals in Mexico, as part of a broader project aimed at promoting the restrictive use of episiotomy. In Phase 1, we conducted 22 semi-structured interviews with maternal health care workers, selected through purposive sampling. Interviews were analyzed inductively using iterative coding and thematic grouping. In Phase 2, group interviews were conducted to discuss findings and collaboratively design interventions for a future pilot quasi-experimental study. Results: Episiotomy decisions are often guided by clinical and preventive considerations. Non-clinical factors, including productivity burdens and training, also contributed to the high rates of episiotomy. Despite the absence of formal institutional monitoring of episiotomy rates, professionals expressed a strong interest in receiving feedback and training. Conclusion: Episiotomy practices in this setting are influenced by clinical, systemic, and educational factors. Addressing potential overuse of episiotomy requires institutional feedback systems, evidence-based training, and strategies to improve dignity in care. Engaging stakeholders through a participatory approach helps ensure that potential interventions are contextually relevant and feasible to implement. ©the authors © Wiley.
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Critical Factors for Financial Inclusion in Mexico
(MDPI AG, 2026)
Terán-Bustamante, Antonia
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Morganti, Paolo Riccardo
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Rivas Aceves, Salvador
Financial inclusion is widely regarded as an important driver of economic development and social well-being, yet existing evidence often treats inclusion as a uniform process. This study examines how different channels of financial inclusion relate to regional economic activity across Mexican states between 2018 and 2023. Distinguishing among traditional banking infrastructure, card-based financial products, and digital inclusion through mobile banking, the analysis finds that digital adoption is the most robust margin associated with higher economic activity, even after accounting for persistent regional differences. Dynamic evidence further suggests a sequential, mobile-first pattern of financial deepening, in which the expansion of mobile banking precedes improvements in economic performance and the later diffusion of credit-based instruments. In contrast, traditional access indicators display weaker short-run associations with regional output. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of technological channels and timing in shaping the economic impact of financial inclusion, particularly in regions where physical financial infrastructure remains limited. ©The authors ©MDPI
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Social determinants of health and disparities in cancer care for patients with metastatic breast cancer in Mexico.
(American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), 2025)
Chavarri Guerra, Yanin
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Verduzco-Aguirre, Haydee Cristina
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Esparza-Orozco, Maria Fernanda
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Ramos Lopez, Wendy Alicia
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Alvarado, Montserrath
Background: Patients diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face poorer outcomes than their counterparts in high-income countries. Social determinants of health (SDH)—including housing, food security, employment, and education—have been increasingly recognized as critical non-medical factors influencing access to care and cancer-related outcomes. We aimed to describe SDH among Mexican patients with MBC and examine their association with treatment adherence, receipt of standard therapy, and survival. Methods: This was a prospective multicenter cohort study including patients from three public cancer centers in Mexico City. Eligible participants were adults with MBC receiving first- or second-line systemic therapy. A trained patient navigator conducted structured interviews at baseline and every three months over one year using validated questionnaires (SDH needs, SEAMS, FACT-G, and BPI). Treatments were categorized as standard or non-standard based on NCCN guidelines. Associations between SDH and clinical outcomes were explored using chi-square tests. Linear mixed models were used to assess longitudinal changes in health-related quality of life. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. Results: A total of 324 patients were included (mean age 58.1 years; 99.7% female). At baseline, 92% reported at least one SDH-related need, most commonly employment (77.5%), housing (55.2%), and food (45.7%). The mean number of SDH needs at baseline was 3.1±1.8, remaining consistent across timepoints. Receipt of standard treatment was lower among those with needs in utilities (47.6% vs. 69.1%, p= 0.001) and education (58.0% vs. 69.0%, p= 0.046). Median SEAMS scores improved slightly over time (35 to 37). Median follow-up was 12.1 months (95% CI, 12.05-12.15). One-year overall survival was 85.0% (95% CI, 81.0–89.0), with no differences based on presence (p = 0.61) or number of SDH needs (p = 0.51) at baseline. The presence of any SDH need was significantly associated with FACT-G scores (p = 0.002) throughout the follow-up period. FACT-G scores were consistently lower in patients with any SDH need, and no significant interaction was observed between time and presence of any SDH need (p = 0.481). Conclusions: SDH needs were highly prevalent and persistent among patients with MBC in Mexico and were associated with lower likelihood of receiving guideline-concordant care and lower quality of life. Addressing these social barriers through targeted interventions may be critical to improving treatment equity and clinical outcomes in LMIC settings. ©The authors ©American Society of Clinical Oncology.
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Aprendizaje Informal e intelectuales indígenas en la Nueva España: el caso de Domingo Chimalpahin (1579-1640)
(Universidad Nacional, Escuela de Historia, 2025)
Arenas-Pacheco, Carlos Diego
Usando la distinción moderna entre educación formal e informal, este artículo de historia de la educación propone algunas vías de aprendizaje informal que intelectuales indígenas en el México colonial siguieron fuera de la escolarización formal. Domingo Chimalpahin (1579-after 1640), el escritor en lengua náhuatl más productivo del México colonial, es un caso de estudio relevante. Puesto que carecemos de muchos datos biográficos de Chimalpahin investigaciones previas han sugerido que elucidar detalles específicos sobre su educación puede contribuir a una mejor interpretación de sus escritos y a una comprensión más profunda de la educación no escolarizada de algunos intelectuales indígenas en el México colonial. Aunque se ha hipotetizado que Chimalpahin tuvo por lo menos una educación formal básica, este artículo sostiene que el aprendizaje informal, en la forma de 1) aprendizaje intergeneracional, 2) aprendizaje laboral y 3) networking intelectual, proporcionó a Chimalpahin la educación que necesitaba para elaborar sus obras. ©El autor ©Universidad Nacional, Escuela de Historia, Campus Omar Dengo.
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Impact of a bioethics and humanities program on the educational training of nephrology residents
(Oxford University Press (OUP), 2025-09-24)
Cantú Quintanilla, Guillermo Rafael
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Gómez Guerrero, Irma
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Garcia-Villalobos, Gloria
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Martin Alemañy, Geovana
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Aguiñaga-Chiñas, Nuria
Background: Modern medical training must integrate not only clinical skills but also ethical and humanistic competencies. In 2013, a structured program in bioethics and humanism was implemented as part of a nephrology residency curriculum. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a 3-year humanism and bioethics program for nephrology residents that focused on improving clinical communication, reducing complaint and lawsuit numbers, increasing patient satisfaction, and supporting decision-making centered on quality of life. Methods: A longitudinal, ambispective cohort (2010–19), our 3-year curriculum delivered weekly 1-h sessions for 6 months/year to 45 residents and was facilitated by three faculty instructors across six core themes. To relate outcomes to the intervention, analyses were anchored to the 2013 launch and compared pre-program (2010–13) versus post-program (2014–19) rates of formal complaints, legal claims, patient satisfaction and maximum benefit discharges. Results: Formal complaints decreased from 47.8 to 26.0 per year [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.44–0.67; P < .001; Holm <0.001]. Legal claims were reduced from 4.25 to 0.17 per year (IRR 0.039, 95% CI 0.005–0.295; P = .0016; Holm = 0.0016). Maximum benefit discharges increased from 4.25 to 76.5 per year (IRR 18.0, 95% CI 11.09–29.21; P < .001; Holm <0.001). For satisfaction, the ordinal logistic model showed an odds ratio (OR) of 3.53 (95% CI 1.96–6.38; P < .001; Holm = 0.0001), consistent with the dichotomous sensitivity analysis (≥4 vs ≤3) (OR 4.08, 95% CI 2.16–7.71; P < .000). Conclusions: The humanism and bioethics program was proven to be an effective and transformative educational tool that promoted ethical, empathetic and patient-centered nephrology practices. The positive impact of this program was evident in both clinical indicators and strengthened medical professionalism. ©The authors ©Oxford University Press (OUP) © Clinical Kidney Journal.
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Who Holds the Reins of Power in Chaos? Military Involvement and the Emergence of a De Facto State of Exception in Mexico
(Universidad Panamericana, 2025-03-04)
Torres-Checa, Daniel E.
Mexico’s public security has been progressively moving towards militarization for at least eighteen years. The army’s participation, previously reserved for war and exceptional junctures, has normalized. This article critically reviews the military’s role in Mexico’s bloodshed and human rights crisis during the 2006-2024 period. I argue that the ongoing phenomenon has perpetuated the cycle of violence, threatened democratic standards, and severely impacted human rights. In this framework, I question whether the policy of militarization can be placed in the context of a de facto state of exception. My aim, in short, is to assess the ways in which militarization reinforces exceptionality and how they both signal a counter-phenomena to human rights.
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Participación política juvenil ante el primer debate presidencial, México 2024
(Escuela de Comunicación - CampCM, 2025-06-30)
Hilda-Gabriela Hernández-Flores
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Paola-Eunice Rivera-Salas
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Melva-Guadalupe Navarro-Sequeira
Introducción. Los jóvenes representan uno de los grupos etarios más numerosos, convirtiéndolos en foco de interés por la influencia política que pueden tener en el país. Objetivo. Delimitar algunos de los factores que impactan la participación política y el interés de los jóvenes mexicanos en relación con el primer debate presidencial del proceso electoral de 2024 y su intención de voto. Metodología. De tipo cuantitativo y bajo un enfoque descriptivo, transversal y no experimental. Se realizó una encuesta a 535 jóvenes de entre 18 y 27 años que residen en 26 estados del país, segmentados en dos grupos etarios según su experiencia electoral. Resultados. 8 de cada 10 participantes atendieron el primer debate. Los medios digitales, como redes sociales y servicios de streaming, fueron sus principales canales de acceso, mientras que los medios tradicionales se implementaron en menor medida. Quienes no escucharon o vieron esta emisión, señalaron que las razones para no hacerlo incluyen falta de tiempo y el desconocimiento del horario, además de un evidente desencanto de la política, asociada a percepciones de corrupción e ineficacia gubernamental. Aun así, el 72% de los jóvenes mostró interés en ver futuros debates, y el 81% declaró tener intención de votar. Conclusión. Los hallazgos denotan la necesidad de desarrollar estrategias comunicativas transparentes que fomenten la credibilidad de la figura política, en concordancia con las expectativas y preocupaciones políticas orientadas a la juventud, dando prioridad a los ambientes digitales que por su demanda van en auge.
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Psychosocial Characteristics of Mexican Girls and Female Adolescents at Risk of Homelessness
(Emerald Publishing Limited, 2025)
Castaños-Cervantes, Susana
Women at risk of homelessness present psychosocial deficits at a higher degree than the rest of the general population. Such features diminish their psychological functioning, well-being, and health-related quality of life. Still, few studies worldwide have addressed their psychological traits. This study examined some psychosocial characteristics (e.g. anxiety, depression, assertiveness, and emotion regulation) present in a group of Mexican females at risk of homelessness. The main findings revealed that functional emotion regulation strategies and anxiety explained 31% and 58.5% of the variance for assertiveness and depression, respectively. Results in this study support assertive behaviours and emotion regulation strategies as protective factors and serve as evidence for a risk and resilience framework. Clinical implications are that effective treatments should focus on these traits from a multicultural approach to address the psychological needs of this vulnerable group efficiently. ©The authors ©Emerald.
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Prevention and treatment of neonatal hypothermia through an implementation science study in Jaltenango Chiapas, Mexico
(International Society of Global Health, 2025)
Frade Garcia, Alejandro
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Servitje Azcarraga, Lucila
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Espinosa Olivas, María Azucena
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García Ulloa, Laila Zulema
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Garcia-Santisteban, Rodrigo
Background Neonatal hypothermia is preventable but common, contributing to neonatal morbidity and mortality especially in low resource settings. Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is the preferred method to prevent hypothermia, but relying on it as a continuous heat source is challenging. This study introduced a novel Infant Warmer to complement KMC in a low resource community hospital through an implementation science approach. Methods We conducted a prospective, interventional cohort study in Jaltenango Chiapas, Mexico from January 2022 to November 2022. Our intervention was 1) an educational programme about the importance of euthermia and optimal thermoregulatory practices including KMC, and 2) provision of an Infant Warmer designed for low-resource settings with training of health care providers. Our hypothesis was that neonatal hypothermia rates would decrease after our intervention. Our aims were to reduce rates of hypothermia and increase knowledge and confidence regarding neonatal thermoregulation. The study had three phases: Pre-Intervention (January to May), Intervention, and Warmer Use (June to November). We collected clinical data during the Pre-Intervention and Warmer Use Phases, including temperature on admission and six hours later called ‘Follow-Up’. At three-time points we conducted surveys of health care providers regarding their knowledge of hypothermia, confidence in keeping babies warm, and attitudes regarding the Warmer. We also conducted a parent survey. Results We studied 372 newborns. Comparing Pre-Intervention to Warmer Use Phases, rates of hypothermia decreased from 62 to 27% on admission and 59 to 11% on Follow-Up. The mean admission and Follow-Up temperatures increased by 0.06°C (C) and 0.23°C (P=0.003) respectively. Healthcare providers’ knowledge of hypothermia and confidence in keeping newborns warm also improved throughout the study. Conclusions: We found high baseline rates of neonatal hypothermia in this low resourced hospital. We successfully lowered hypothermia rates by providing appropriate equipment to complement KMC and improved knowledge of hypothermia through education interventions. © The authors © International Society of Global Health.

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