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    Reconstructing household financial well-being; The case of Mexican households
    (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Contaduría y Administración, 2025) ;
    Mopya Ponce, Claudine
    ;
    Through the application of Bayesian Network methodology, this study delves into household financial well-being in Mexico over the 2018 – 2022 period. The foundational scenario involved vital variables such as poverty-induced vulnerability, household type, education of the household head, financial education, income source (i.e., formal or informal sector employment), financial asset management, and savings as the main variables influencing household financial well-being. Subsequently, each variable was extrapolated to measure its impact on the focal point of interest. Results show that income from informal sector employment, education of the household head, financial education, and savings emerge as statistically significant factors exerting the greatest influence on household financial well-being. Economic policy recommendations to address these influential factors are discussed. ©The authors © Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Contaduría y Administración.
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    Dynamic effect of legal complexity on the value added tax in Mexico
    (Economics Bulletin, 2025) ;
    Mata, Leovardo
    ;
    Beltrán, Jaime Humberto
    ;
    This paper studies legal complexity and its dynamic relationship with the Value Added Tax Law, from its original version published in 1978 to the current version. To this end, the variables structure, entropy, and interdependence of the legal texts associated with the VAT Law constitute the complexity index. A VAR model then finds evidence of Granger causality between legal complexity and VAT, although no cointegration relationship exists. Furthermore, an inverse relationship between the variables is confirmed, quantifying the short-term effect of legal complexity and comparing it for robustness with the estimation of an ARIMAX and generalized OLS model. © 2025, The authors. © Economics Bulletin. All rights reserved.
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    The Future of Companies in the Face of a New Reality : Impact and Development in Latin America
    This book analyzes the changes brought on to economic and business activities in Latin America due to the new scenarios, environments and social dynamics the world is facing as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, at both micro- and macroeconomic levels. Recent changes to working environments has brought discussions on work-life balance to the forefront, and creating support mechanisms to attract and retain the next generation of workers has become a primary focus for talent managers. At an industry level, there are expectations that once the crisis passes, there will be massive capital inflows toward ESG investments in emerging markets driving the transformation of companies. Consequently, ESG business models will have a cascading effect in the whole supply chain (upstream, midstream and downstream) and will generate greater value for all stakeholders. At the same time, technologies of the fourth industrial revolution, such as Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence, have gradually been adopted by companies leading the charge in ESG business models. The financial sector has taken the lead in these two technologies, but the challenge generated by the COVID-19 pandemic forced other sectors to innovate rapidly in order to remain afloat. Using empirical and theoretical frameworks, the contributors in this book identify the most attractive alternatives to benefit consumers in an adverse environment like the one the world is facing as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, which while posing a significant challenge for most industries, has also created new opportunities for innovation and ingenuity, analyzing case studies from the coffee and medical tourism sectors in particular. © Springer Nature
      14  1
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    Cálculo del valor en riesgo operacional mediante redes bayesianas para una empresa financiera
    (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Contaduría y Administración, 2016) ; ;
    Cruz Aranda, Fernando 
    El objetivo del presente trabajo es plantear la metodología basada en el uso de redes bayesianas (RB) para identificar y cuantificar los factores de riesgo operacional (RO) asociados al proceso de transacciones financieras a través de medios electrónicos en una empresa financiera. El modelo de RB desarrollado se ejemplifica con datos de eventos simulados en un periodo equivalente a seis años a partir de información proporcionada por expertos en este tipo de procesos. Lo anterior representa una de las principales ventajas del uso de RB, pues permiten modelar las relaciones causa-efecto entre los diferentes factores de riesgo operacional. Finalmente se realiza el cálculo del Valor en Riesgo Operacional (OpVaR) para el ejemplo, en el que se incorporan factores de interacción que no son considerados en el modelo tradicional, proporcionando mejores condiciones de credibilidad a este valor.
    Scopus© Citations 8  20  1
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    Caracterización de la productividad de una empresa mexicana desarrolladora de tecnología mediante control difuso
    (Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 2022)
    Cabrera Llanos, Agustín Ignacio
    ;
    Mayo Maldonado, Jonathan
    ;
    Se presenta el desarrollo de un modelo que permite medir la productividad de una empresa de base tecnológica, que se basa en las interacciones identificadas entre la inversión del departamento de investigación, el fraude informático y el robo. Estas interacciones se presentan mediante un modelo de variables difusas con las que se desarrollan las funciones de membresía para cada una de éstas. Así mismo se desarrollan las reglas de interacción basándose en la conjunción de los conjuntos difusos propuestos para el modelo Mamdani. Con estos diseños es posible determinar el grado de la productividad, también caracterizada por un conjunto difuso. Para probar el modelo se utilizó simulación Monte Carlo con cuatro escenarios. Los resultados de la serie de simulaciones muestran que bajo la descripción de los conjuntos difusos es posible medir el comportamiento de la productividad en la empresa analizada, mediante rangos de productividad establecidos en el diseño del conjunto difuso propuesto. © Los autores © Universidad Pablo de Olavide.
      24  1
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    Las finanzas de los hogares mexicanos: análisis con Redes Bayesianas
    (2021) ; ;
    Cabrera Llanos, Agustín Ignacio
    El bienestar de los hogares está ligado en gran parte al desarrollo de los mercados financieros. El estudio de las finanzas de los hogares analiza las formas en que estos utilizan instrumentos financieros para satisfacer sus necesidades y objetivos; este análisis representa un gran desafío debido a la escasa información estadística y la interrelación entre las variables consideradas. En este trabajo, pionero en el uso de las redes bayesianas en este campo, utilizamos de manera conjunta las finanzas tradicionales y las conductuales. Medimos la probabilidad de prevalencia de estabilidad financiera de los hogares en México; obtenemos un resultado base y posteriormente, al generar distintos escenarios, descubrimos que las variables más determinantes son el manejo del crédito y la conformación de los hogares. Estos resultados subrayan la importancia de promover iniciativas de educación financiera en los distintos niveles, modalidades y subsistemas educativos. © 2021 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. In today's economy, the well-being of households is considered to be linked mainly to the development of financial markets. The field of household finance analyzes how households use financial instruments to satisfy their needs and achieve objectives. This analysis represents a significant challenge due to scarce statistical information and the interrelation among the variables involved. We follow two aspects: Traditional and behavioral finance. This paper pioneers the use of Bayesian networks in the field. A model measuring the probability of prevalence of financial stability of households in Mexico is used; a baseline result is obtained and then, while generating different scenarios, we discover that credit management and household composition are the most determining variables. These results underscore the importance of promoting different financial education initiatives at different educational levels, modalities, and subsystems. © 2021 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
    Scopus© Citations 2  14  2
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    La popularidad de las marcas y su valor económico en el marco de las finanzas corporativas: un análisis de aprendizaje máquina
    (2022)
    Morales González, Víctor Miguel
    ;
    ;
    A lo largo del tiempo, la marca ha tomado un papel significativo en el ámbito empresarial, la percepción de la imagen comercial y el valor agregado. Este estudio está enfocado en explorar los componentes del concepto del valor de marca a partir de un diagnóstico y técnicas de aprendizaje máquina, para desarrollar una serie de modelos asociados a las dimensiones del valor de marca percibido desde un concepto más actual de la popularidad. La metodología de aprendizaje máquina, prioriza la predicción frente a la inferencia. No impone una especificación ni una teoría, a diferencia de la estadística clásica, donde se requiere especificar un modelo; esto representa una forma dinámica alternativa para entender cómo uno de los recursos más importantes de las empresas en el mercado está presente, lo que sin duda repercute en la gestión financiera y de riesgos de la empresa. Los resultados obtenidos mediante tres técnicas diferentes de aprendizaje máquina, muestran que las once variables propuestas en el estudio influyen positivamente con diferente intensidad en la popularidad de la marca.
    Scopus© Citations 1  43  2
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    Knowledge Management for Open Innovation: Bayesian Networks through Machine Learning
    Knowledge management within organizations allows to support a global business strategy and represents a systemic and organized attempt to use knowledge within an organization to improve its performance. The objective of this research is to study and analyze knowledge management through Bayesian networks with machine learning techniques, for which a model is made to identify and quantify the various factors that affect the correct management of knowledge in an organization, allowing you to generate value. As a case study, a technology-based services company in Mexico City is analyzed. The evidence found shows the optimal and non-optimal management of knowledge management, and its various factors, through the causality of the variables, allowing us to more adequately capture the interrelationship to manage it. The results show that the most relevant factors for having adequate knowledge management are information management, relational capital, intellectual capital, quality and risk management, and technology assimilation. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
    Scopus© Citations 24  52  5
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    Medical Tourism in Mexico. Analysis of the Economic and Technological Model in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era
    (Springer Nature Singapore, 2021)
    In the last decades, organizations have generated and exploited the data product of their operational activity using technological tools to support executives in decision-making, seeking to incorporate economic and social benefits. A key factor today to increase the competitiveness of service providers is taking advantage of the exponential increase in Internet purchases that has been further enhanced by the COVID-19 pandemic. The use of social networks as a means of reference and knowledge of recommendations based on the experience of other users, as well as the use of mobile applications, have contributed to exponentially exploding e-commerce and making it increasingly profitable for companies. This document analyzes the data obtained from various sources, in order to determine the behaviors and preferences related to medical tourism. The study seeks to determine which are the main factors that allow predicting consumption habits and leading the various options for socially responsible medical tourism through the use of advanced analytical and artificial intelligence tools, in order to identify the most attractive alternatives to benefit consumers in an adverse environment like the one the world is facing because of the global pandemic caused by COVID-19, which represents a significant challenge for most industries, but also generates new opportunities with significant benefits for those who know how to take advantage of them.
      9  1
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    Digital consumer behavior and medical tourism: A regional analysis in Mexico
    Medical tourism has increasingly become an important alternative to receive healthcare services given medical systems’ limitations such as: treatment availability, access, and price. The industry has significantly grown with the availability of internet services and digital platforms which enable consumers to connect with service providers as well as other stakeholders around the world. And, considering medical tourism profiles related to travel frequency, expenditure, place, and degree of digital platform use, the question is how does digital platform use impact medical tourism consumer behavior related to the type of destination? Cluster analysis and georeferencing analytics were utilized to study the correlation between digital platform use and the preferred type of destination for medical tourism. The study shows a clear positive correlation between the variables compared.
    Scopus© Citations 1  19  1