Scalzo, Germán

Main Affiliation

Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales - CampCM

Preferred name

Scalzo, Germán

Official Name

Scalzo Molina, Germán Roberto

ORCID

0000-0003-4176-793X

Researcher ID

FQV-2175-2022

Scopus Author ID

57189442501

Now showing 1 - 10 of 55

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El Management como práctica: una aproximación a la naturaleza del trabajo directivo
(Universidad de Navarra, 2018)
Scalzo, Germán
;
García Álvarez, Santiago
En el presente trabajo se realiza una reflexión sobre la naturaleza del trabajo directivo management, a la luz de los tres modos posibles de conocimiento: la teoría, la práctica y la técnica. Puntualmente, se analiza el trabajo de tres autores: Henry Mintzberg, Ikujiro Nonaka y Alasdair MacIntyre, con el fin de mostrar cómo la evolución del estudio teórico de esta disciplina ha ido evidenciando su carácter eminentemente práctico. Mintzberg aporta una excelente introducción al fenómeno, ya que combina muy bien la observación práctica con la reflexión sobre lo que hacen los realmente directivos. Nonaka, por su parte, resalta el dinamismo de la empresa: su capacidad de innovar, de crear y compartir conocimiento. Finalmente, MacIntyre reivindica la perspectiva aristotélica en el estudio de la vida organizacional, con su revitalización de la noción de práctica. Se concluye resaltando que concebir el trabajo directivo como una práctica abre paso a una teoría normativa de la acción y su influencia en las organizaciones © Los autores © Universidad de Navarra © Revista Empresa y Humanismo. This article reflects on the nature of managerial work, which historically has been approached as a theory, a practice, or a technique. The work of three authors, Henry Mintzberg, Ikujiro Nonaka and Alasdair MacIntyre, is analyzed in order to show how the evolution of this discipline’s theoretical study demonstrates its eminently practical nature. Mintzberg provides an excellent introduction to the phenomenon, perceptively combining practical observation with reflection on what managers actually do. Nonaka, on the other hand, highlights the dynamism of the business firm and its ability to innovate, create and share knowledge. Finally, MacIntyre revives the Aristotelian perspective in the study of organizational life, revitalizing the idea of practice. We conclude by emphasizing that conceiving of managerial work as a practice implies the acceptance of a normative theory of organizations ©The authors © Universidad de Navarra © Revista Empresa y Humanismo.
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Work as an Entrustment and Its Addressees According to Leonardo Polo’s Transcendental Anthropology
(MDPI AG, 2026-06-13)
Guerra Lamadrid, Priscila Sulkerine
;
Sahagun-Kunhardt, Pablo
;
Scalzo, Germán
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Cibernética y racionalidad: Hacia una visión personalista de la empresa
(Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, 2018)
Scalzo, Germán
;
García Álvarez, Santiago
Nuestra contribución se enmarca en la reflexión filosófica de la empresa a través del aporte de una concepción cibernética de la acción humana a la teoría organizacional, en contraposición a la visión racionalista que primó hasta mediados del siglo pasado. La cibernética permite la consideración teórica de elementos dinámicos y teleológicos de la acción, de ahí su cercanía al pensamiento aristotélico. Tras presentar brevemente la conexión que observa el filósofo Leonardo Polo entre estos marcos teóricos, rastrearemos su influencia en la teoría organizacional. Para ello, presentaremos las intuiciones de John von Neumann, a quien, el estudio de la dimensión estratégica de la acción humana (y la incertidumbre que le es propia) le condujo a una encrucijada: la formalización axiomática o la ética. Mientras que la teoría dominante siguió el primer camino (teoría económica de juegos), presentaremos en esta contribución “el camino no tomado”: la propuesta de Juan Antonio Pérez López. Esta teoría, fundamentada en una concepción antropológica realista y robusta, ofrece las ventajas teóricas de concebir a la organización como un “sistema abierto” y al ser humano como un sistema libre, Finalmente, mostraremos cómo esta postura permite superar los reduccionismos en que caen otros enfoques (el mismo Pérez López definía su propuesta como una “abstracción completa”) abogando así por una ampliación de la racionalidad, que recupera la dimensión normativa de las ciencias socia les como intrínsecamente necesaria a su desarrollo, bajo la premisa de que “sin virtudes morales no hay comportamiento racional” © Los autores © Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla
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Justice, Identity, and Practical Reasonability in Stakeholder Theory: A Neo-Aristotelian Approach
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2026-08-03)
Pinto-Garay, Javier
;
Scalzo, Germán
;
Robson, Gregory
;
Sikorski, John
This article explores a Neo-Aristotelian approach to stakeholder theory grounded in the virtue of justice and the concept of the common good. While mainstream stakeholder theory integrates normative and instrumental dimensions, it faces persistent conceptual challenges—particularly concerning stakeholder identity and the lack of principled criteria for distinguishing between stakeholder types, their normative claims on a firm, and their relative importance. In response, this article takes a virtue ethical approach that proposes the virtue of justice as the key epistemological and moral foundation for stakeholder identification and corporate responsibility. In particular, it redefines stakeholder classification based on the different parts of justice, namely, distributive justice for organizational stakeholders, commutative justice for commercial stakeholders, and political justice for civic or public stakeholders. Finally, the article addresses the challenge of reasonability in stakeholder theory by showing how Aristotelian rhetorical knowledge—based on shared narratives and endoxa—connects philosophical principles with actual business practices. This justice-based framework enhances the moral coherence and practical applicability of stakeholder theory, enabling firms to navigate ethical complexity while contributing meaningfully to the development of persons, organizations, and society at large. © The Author(s) 2026.
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Guiding unphilosophical employees: organizational autonomy and work design theory in light of virtue ethics
(Emerald, 2026-02-19)
Scalzo, Germán
;
Espejo, Álvaro
;
Scalzo, Germán R.
Purpose This paper aims to address how to foster ethical decision-making in autonomous organizational contexts without undermining employee autonomy. It aims to provide a neo-Aristotelian response to this issue by exploring how MacIntyre’s virtue ethics – particularly his idea of the “unphilosophical” or “plain person” – can guide ethical decision-making in organizations without limiting autonomy. Design/methodology/approach This is a conceptual paper that, building on the problem addressed in work design theory regarding autonomy and ethical decision making, applies a MacIntyrean virtue ethics approach to explore practical considerations for employees to guide their non-expert ethical decision-making. Accordingly, the paper offers a complementary framework rooted in virtue ethics that emphasizes excellence, shared deliberation, fellowship and care as paths for a practical roadmap aimed toward ethical decision-making. Findings The paper suggests that MacIntyre’s virtue ethics provides a robust framework for addressing the paradox of autonomy and unethical behavior in organizations presented by work design theory. It shows that fostering shared deliberation, fellowship, and care can help employees identify and pursue workplace excellence while maintaining personal integrity and organizational effectiveness. Originality/value This study reframes the relationship between autonomy and ethics in the workplace, providing a philosophically grounded – yet accessible framework for plain, nonphilosophical employees – to address the paradox of autonomy and unethical behavior in organizations. It shows that fostering shared deliberation, fellowship and care can help employees identify and pursue workplace excellence while maintaining personal integrity and organizational effectiveness.
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In search of a fitting moral psychology for practical wisdom: Exploring a missing link in virtuous management
(2020)
Akrivou, Kleio
;
Scalzo, Germán
While business as a social activity has involved communities of persons embedded in dense relational networks and practices for thousands of years, the modern legal, theoretical psychological, and moral foundations of business have progressively narrowed our understanding of practical wisdom. Although practical wisdom has recently regained ground in business ethics and management studies, thanks mainly to Anscombe's recovery of virtue ethics, Anscombe herself once observed that it lacks, and has even neglected, a moral psychology that genuinely complements the nuanced philosophical perspective of a virtue-centered moral philosophy. Herein, we offer one way to fill this gap by suggesting two opposing psychological paradigms, namely the inter-processual self and the autonomous self, which are classified according to the assumptions they make about the self, human agency and action more broadly, as well as how they relate to practical wisdom. Upon presenting these moral psychologies, we will bring this proposal into conversation with business ethics to show how the IPS paradigm can enable and support virtuous management. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd PUBLISHER: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Scopus© Citations 19 2 5
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Sobre contratos y usura en Manuel Rodríguez, el Lusitano
(2016)
Aspe-Armella, Virginia
;
Scalzo, Germán
This paper analyzes Manuel Rodríguez's work - Suma de casos de conciencia - in order to garner a greater understanding on the projection of the School of Salamanca's economic thought. The study of this author, who lived during the second half of the sixteenth century and is known as "el Lusitano," gives an insight into this School's evolution, comparing the different ways that moral theologians responded to the challenges of their time. The common elements within the School's evolution help to delineate the spirit that inspired its members over the years, and they offer clues that allow for an interpretation of contemporary economic life from a true anthropology of justice. ©2016 Cauriensia, Universidad de Extremadura
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Virtue Ethics: A Contribution to Family Firms
(2020)
Scalzo, Germán
;
Ramírez Pérez, Héctor Xavier
This chapter is an exploratory study of business ethics as it relates to family firms; it primarily aims to explore virtue ethics as an alternative proposal for the ethical concerns that family firms face in their management, thus overcoming the limitations of relevant business ethics approaches and integrating them into an overarching paradigm. Ethics can be classified into three main streams: (1) deontology, (2) utilitarianism, and (3) virtue ethics. The former two approaches have been widely used in the realm of business and family firms for many years and they tend to instrumentalize ethics for business purposes. Yet, they are mostly powerless to explain and promote the ethical concerns surrounding the family firm’s culture. Virtue ethics regained philosophical interest in the second half of the twentieth century, shifting the focus of morality from “the right thing to do” to the “best way to live.” By bringing together two consolidated research fields, family firms and virtue ethics, this chapter contributes a rich perspective to current research in both fields and opens up new ways of answering many of the cultural questions that family firms bring to the table. © 2020 Emerald Publishing Limited.
1 15Scopus© Citations 4
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Virtuous work and organizational culture: how Aristotelian practical wisdom can humanize business
(Routledge, 2021)
Pinto, Javier
;
Ferrero, Ignacio
;
Scalzo, Germán
This chapter aims to overcome the rationalistic and mechanistic paradigm of organizational theory redefining the nature of organizations as a community of work. We sustain that Aristotelian practical wisdom deepens our understanding of organizations by incorporating different features of personal work in organizational contexts, such as meaning, interpretation, ambiguity, conflict, context-dependence, productivity and reflexivity. In this chapter, we will explain (i) how the organization aimed to excellence is better defined as a community of work, and (ii) how practical wisdom in an organization must be defined in light of work as a deliberative and participative production. Thus, the goal of the chapter is twofold: first, it seeks to introduce a concept of work into the Aristotelian organizational theory; second, it aims to show the potential of Aristotelian practical wisdom for deepening our understanding of organizations by integrating an Aristotelian definition of the community of work and common good into organizational theory.© 2021 Routledge.
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Power, Authority, and Leadership: A Proposal for Organizational Theory in the Post-Bureaucratic Era
(2022)
Ciardi, Lucía
;
Scalzo, Germán
Organizations are privileged structures in contemporary society given that they contain and manage a large part of individuals' activities. This is so much so that a company's success depends on an adequate organizational structure. As such, this chapter studies the depths of organizations' political dimension with a conceptual, philosophical-political, and historical investigation on the development of the relationship between power and authority within organizational theory. It does so with the aid of Spanish author Juan Antonio Perez Lopez's organizational management framework. Starting from the crisis of the modern bureaucratic model, in which rationalization continually increases, and power is separated from authority, this chapter maintains, to the contrary, the hypothesis that, in the post-bureaucratic era, a new paradigm for organizational theory is needed for studying the relationship between power and authority. This paradigm has the advantage of reflecting a healthy way of governing organizations focused on human development. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022. All rights reserved.
2Scopus© Citations 1 6

Scalzo, Germán

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