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    Estimating Conditional Labor Productivity Penalties from Non-Communicable Diseases Using Double Machine Learning: Evidence from Mexican Household Data
    (MDPI AG, 2026)
    Domínguez-Miranda, Sergio Arturo
    ;
    ;
    Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) represent a growing challenge for developing countries, as they are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality within the working-age population. Beyond their effects on health outcomes, NCDs are associated with reductions in labor productivity, which may influence long-term development dynamics through human capital. This study estimates the conditional labor productivity penalty associated with Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) among employed workers in Mexico using an observational high-dimensional framework. By addressing high-dimensional confounding under the Conditional Independence Assumption (CIA), the analysis isolates the relationship between NCD status and hourly labor earnings. Using microdata from the Mexican National Survey of Household Income and Expenditure, labor productivity is defined as the ratio of labor income to hours worked. To obtain robust causal estimates, a Double Machine Learning (DML) framework is implemented, integrating regularized regression and machine learning algorithms to control for high-dimensional confounding factors. These covariates include socioeconomic, demographic, and health-related variables, allowing for flexible adjustment of observable heterogeneity across individuals. The empirical findings demonstrate a statistically significant conditional negative penalty of −11.44% (p = 1.03 × 10−11, 95% CI: [−14.59, −8.40]) on hourly labor earnings under the cross-fitted DML specification using XGBoost and Random Forest. To resolve an observational measurement artifact where chronic individuals report artificially inflated hourly wages due to severe hours contraction, a presenteeism adjustment factor ((Formula presented.)) was calibrated. Incorporating this presenteeism correction, the aggregate national economic burden among the employed population is estimated at approximately 496.82 billion pesos annually. The findings suggest that NCDs constitute a relevant constraint on labor productivity at the microeconomic level. The study highlights the importance of prevention-oriented health strategies, workplace health promotion, and early disease management. From a methodological perspective, the results illustrate the usefulness of Double Machine Learning for purging high-dimensional confounding in cross-sectional survey data, providing robust conditional empirical benchmarks for public health policy. © 2026 by the authors. © MPDI © Applied Sciences.
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    Community style leadership's effects on organisational performance: analysis across industries and firm sizes in Mexico
    Scholars and practitioners, across fields of study, have spent decades analysing and documenting the complexities of different styles of leadership encountered throughout industries around the world. With that, a series of constructs and respective definitions have been developed to better understand the implications of taking on certain leadership styles. Mintzberg’s (2009) communityship concept is no exception; in fact, it has motivated the development of this empirical study aimed to uncover the characteristics of a community style leadership in organisations operating in Mexico. This study contributes to the understanding of the intricacies of a community style leadership and its potential impacts on collaborator satisfaction and commitment towards the firm, as well as on organisational performance The authors © Inderscience Publishers © International Journal of Management Concepts and Philosophy.
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    Financial education and internal governance on short food supply chains: evidence from vulnerable rural communities in Latin America
    (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2026) ; ;
    Martínez-García, Elena
    ;
    Peñuela-Díaz, Ximena
    This study examines the relationship between financial education and the development of SFSCs in vulnerable communities in Ecuador, Peru, and Colombia—a connection rarely addressed in the literature. Using a qualitative methodology, the research involved in-depth interviews with cocoa producers in Esmeraldas (Ecuador), banana by-product producers in Condorcanqui (Peru), and blackberry producers in Cauca (Colombia). The findings reveal that financial education—tailored to the cultural and productive context of each community—strengthened chain internal governance, understood as producers’ capacity to organize, manage, and make collective decisions around shared values. Key outcomes include improved resource management, expense control, productive investment, responsible access to and use of credit, and enhanced planning and commercial negotiation skills. These capabilities enabled producers to reduce intermediaries, access better markets, innovate products and processes, and improve both economic and social conditions. The three experiences overcame typical governance challenges in SFSCs—such as structural uncertainty, small scale, and lack of coordination—through business planning, local associations, and partnerships with universities, companies, and NGOs. Nevertheless, limitations remain, including regulatory barriers, insufficient government support, and shortages of key infrastructure. The study highlights financial education as a potentially relevant, yet underexamined, dimension of internal governance in SFSCs, contributing to ongoing debates on resilience, hybrid supply chain participation, and rural development in Latin America. © The Author(s) 2026. ©Springer.
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    El Management como práctica: una aproximación a la naturaleza del trabajo directivo
    En el presente trabajo se realiza una reflexión sobre la naturaleza del trabajo directivo management, a la luz de los tres modos posibles de conocimiento: la teoría, la práctica y la técnica. Puntualmente, se analiza el trabajo de tres autores: Henry Mintzberg, Ikujiro Nonaka y Alasdair MacIntyre, con el fin de mostrar cómo la evolución del estudio teórico de esta disciplina ha ido evidenciando su carácter eminentemente práctico. Mintzberg aporta una excelente introducción al fenómeno, ya que combina muy bien la observación práctica con la reflexión sobre lo que hacen los realmente directivos. Nonaka, por su parte, resalta el dinamismo de la empresa: su capacidad de innovar, de crear y compartir conocimiento. Finalmente, MacIntyre reivindica la perspectiva aristotélica en el estudio de la vida organizacional, con su revitalización de la noción de práctica. Se concluye resaltando que concebir el trabajo directivo como una práctica abre paso a una teoría normativa de la acción y su influencia en las organizaciones © Los autores © Universidad de Navarra © Revista Empresa y Humanismo. This article reflects on the nature of managerial work, which historically has been approached as a theory, a practice, or a technique. The work of three authors, Henry Mintzberg, Ikujiro Nonaka and Alasdair MacIntyre, is analyzed in order to show how the evolution of this discipline’s theoretical study demonstrates its eminently practical nature. Mintzberg provides an excellent introduction to the phenomenon, perceptively combining practical observation with reflection on what managers actually do. Nonaka, on the other hand, highlights the dynamism of the business firm and its ability to innovate, create and share knowledge. Finally, MacIntyre revives the Aristotelian perspective in the study of organizational life, revitalizing the idea of practice. We conclude by emphasizing that conceiving of managerial work as a practice implies the acceptance of a normative theory of organizations ©The authors © Universidad de Navarra © Revista Empresa y Humanismo.
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    The effects of flexible work models and internal CSR on wellbeing, productivity, and performance
    After the COVID-19 lockdown, many organisational leaders were adamant about their workers returning to in-office work. As the lockdown proved that productivity, at the very least, does not decrease with remote work, a considerable number of workers were unwilling to compromise their newly found work-life balance which led to a more flexible culture, and the development of different work models. The question is, how have changes in work models after the COVID-19 lockdown impacted individual and team performance? This empirical study develops two different models to assess perceptions of collaborators and leaders regarding a socially responsible flexible culture; findings show that participants perceive flexible work models as a cause for an increase in productivity and performance. © The authors © Inderscience Publishers © International Journal of Business Innovation and Research.
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    Cibernética y racionalidad: Hacia una visión personalista de la empresa
    (Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, 2018) ;
    Nuestra contribución se enmarca en la reflexión filosófica de la empresa a través del aporte de una concepción cibernética de la acción humana a la teoría organizacional, en contraposición a la visión racionalista que primó hasta mediados del siglo pasado. La cibernética permite la consideración teórica de elementos dinámicos y teleológicos de la acción, de ahí su cercanía al pensamiento aristotélico. Tras presentar brevemente la conexión que observa el filósofo Leonardo Polo entre estos marcos teóricos, rastrearemos su influencia en la teoría organizacional. Para ello, presentaremos las intuiciones de John von Neumann, a quien, el estudio de la dimensión estratégica de la acción humana (y la incertidumbre que le es propia) le condujo a una encrucijada: la formalización axiomática o la ética. Mientras que la teoría dominante siguió el primer camino (teoría económica de juegos), presentaremos en esta contribución “el camino no tomado”: la propuesta de Juan Antonio Pérez López. Esta teoría, fundamentada en una concepción antropológica realista y robusta, ofrece las ventajas teóricas de concebir a la organización como un “sistema abierto” y al ser humano como un sistema libre, Finalmente, mostraremos cómo esta postura permite superar los reduccionismos en que caen otros enfoques (el mismo Pérez López definía su propuesta como una “abstracción completa”) abogando así por una ampliación de la racionalidad, que recupera la dimensión normativa de las ciencias socia les como intrínsecamente necesaria a su desarrollo, bajo la premisa de que “sin virtudes morales no hay comportamiento racional” © Los autores © Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla
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    Ética empresarial : una alternativa para la mejora de la cultura organizacional
    (2010)
    Gutiérrez Gallo, Marlén
    ;
    León Dávalos, Enrique de
    El presente trabajo pretende colocarnos en conceptos tanto de ética, como de empresa, persona, ética empresarial, etc.
      13
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    Assertiveness as the Catalyst for Sustainable Growth and Global Competitiveness: Future Perspectives and Practical Implications
    (Emerald Publishing Limited, 2025)
    This closing chapter celebrates assertiveness as a catalyst for sustainable growth and global competitiveness, not just in theory but as a compelling call to action for future leaders and organisations. Assertiveness emerges as a core principle, enabling individuals and businesses to meet the demands of an interconnected, fast-paced world with confidence, resilience and ethical integrity. For leaders, assertiveness fuels sustainable strategies, cultivates ethical decision-making and fosters inclusive, transparent cultures that empower employees to innovate and excel. It is a powerful tool for individuals’ personal growth and career advancement, promoting clear communication, accountability and adaptability in complex professional landscapes. As technology reshapes global business, assertiveness ensures that human values guide innovation, bridging cultural divides and fostering collaboration across borders. Practical insights within this chapter provide tools for implementing assertive organisational strategies through leadership training, open dialogue and feedback. This chapter closes with an invitation to adopt assertiveness as an enduring foundation for building competitive, inclusive and responsible business environments – where sustainable success aligns seamlessly with ethical responsibility. ©The author ©Emerald Publishing.
      14  58
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    Valuación de opciones con volatilidad estocástica y simulación Monte Carlo utilizando el modelo de Heston para activos financieros que cotizan en la Bolsa Mexicana de Valores (BMV)
    (2012)
    Castillo Saldaña, Iren
    ;
    Campus Ciudad de México
    La volatilidad se ha convertido en la principal variable de análisis en los mercados financieros y su importancia radica en la determinación de los precios de los derivados, en particular de las opciones. La utilización de modelos que consideran a la volatilidad como estocástica permiten estimarla y modelarla de manera más precisa a diferencia del planteamiento de Black-Scholes que la consideraban como constante. El presente trabajo de investigación considera el modelo de Heston (1993) en el que la volatilidad puede ser especificada por un modelo de la familia ARCH, GARCH y TARCH, es decir, como un proceso de raíz cuadrada con reversión a la media. Las ecuaciones de precios se pueden calibrar con información de mercado de manera eficiente y robusta. Asimismo, la varianza es modelada por simulación Monte Carlo para la valuación de la opción
      1  8
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    Propuesta de intervención: diseño del proceso de la planeación estratégica de la Universidad Tecnológica del Norte de Aguascalientes, desde la perspectiva del capital humano y a través del modelo de enfoque estratégico
    (2009)
    Martínez Rodríguez, Jovita
    Ésta tesis pretende integrar los conocimientos y habilidades obtenidos a través de diversos medios, en función de la generación de nuevas competencias y de la consolidación de las ya existentes.
      13