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    The intersection of education and gender disparities in entrepreneurship: a longitudinal decomposition approach in Russia
    (Emerald, 2026-05-22)
    Purpose This study examines the role of education in explaining and potentially reducing gender disparities in entrepreneurship in Russia, a country with a relatively low gender gap in entrepreneurial activity. The research aims to assess whether educational attainment – particularly women's superior educational outcomes – contributes to narrowing the entrepreneurship gap over time. Design/methodology/approach The analysis uses data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS-HSE) covering the years 2000–2022. The sample comprises 226,242 observations from 36,227 individuals, of whom 54.8% are women. Gender disparities in entrepreneurship are analyzed using longitudinal decomposition techniques – extensions of the Kitagawa-Oaxaca-Blinder method – allowing for the separation of differences in levels and changes. The models control for sociodemographic characteristics such as age, marital status, number of children, health status, generalized trust, migration background, ethnicity and residency in Moscow or Saint Petersburg. The study differentiates between necessity-driven and opportunity-driven entrepreneurship. Findings The results indicate that education plays a significant role in reducing the gender gap in entrepreneurship in Russia. Women in Russia exhibit higher levels of educational attainment than men, and this educational advantage is associated with a narrowing of the entrepreneurship gap, which remains relatively small. Importantly, education functions as a structural equalizer rather than a short-term dynamic driver of convergence. These findings are robust across both types of entrepreneurship and persist after controlling for other relevant variables. Originality/value This study contributes novel empirical evidence on gender and entrepreneurship in a transition economy by applying longitudinal decomposition techniques to a large, nationally representative dataset. The research highlights the unique case of Russia, where gender parity in entrepreneurship is comparatively high, and underscores the critical role of education in shaping equitable economic outcomes. The findings offer policy-relevant insights for other countries seeking to use education as a lever to promote gender equality in entrepreneurial activity.
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      8
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    Determination of the Representative Socioeconomic Level by BSA in the Mexican Republic
    (CEIPA Business School, 2018) ;
    Macedo Ruiz Edith Cecilia
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    ;
    The aim of this article is to determine the socioeconomic level (SEL) with disaggregation of the Basic Statistical Area (BSA) in the Mexican Republic. The methodology used is the one established by the Mexican Association of Market Research Agencies (AMAI) along with the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI). The Clustering of the BSAs was carried out according to variables contained in the Population and Housing Census of 2010, through Gaussian mixture models, learning neural networks and finally, by defining the labels corresponding to each SEL. We found the existence of a representative SEL for each BSA. In addition, the definition of each socioeconomic level shows good results with an average of 90.86% of correctly labeled elements.
      23
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      4
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    E-Commerce in the Agri-Food Sector: Identifying Research Gaps and Future Possibilities
    (Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas Y Ambientales - UDCA, 2026-04-24)
    Lucio-Mendiola, Adriana Yaomy
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    Martínez-González, Enrique Genaro
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    Aguilar-Ávila, Jorge
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    Gestión Estratégica en la Deserción por Rendimiento Académico en una Universidad Privada
    (2024) ;
    Rodríguez Magaña, Alejandro
    University desertion continues to be a challenge for the directors of Higher Education Institutions worldwide. It not only harms the mission of the institutions, but also the income and quality indexes. Therefore, identifying the reasons that lead students to abandon their studies today will serve to understand the phenomenon and implement more effective policies to reduce it. This study aims to contribute to the research of private universities, particularly with a preventive and reactive management model to strengthen retention and address dropout. The main objective is to know the factors that prevent students from dropping out and to reflect on the implementation of appropriate mechanisms to reduce dropout according to the context of the institution. A review of the scientific production of the years from 2018 to 2023 on the factors of dropout and methods used to address them was conducted. Subsequently, 27 semi- structured interviews of a universe of 28 students who were at risk of dropping out were conducted to learn about the causes from their perspective. The results were analyzed through constant comparisons according to grounded theory. The findings suggest the potential of approaching students through programs that help them to overcome their difficulties. Based on these findings, the implementation of the Academic Improvement Program applied to 12 young people who did not achieve academic performance was evaluated. The evaluation was carried out using the Most Significant Path technique. The main changes manifested in the students are: in their personal development and growth and recovery of emotional balance. Finally, based on these results, academic policies and the design of preventive and reactive management models to reduce desertion are proposed, which will serve as a practical framework for other institutions in similar contexts and for the literature on the organizational management of universities.
      15  122
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    Explainable Glaucoma Screening via Optic Disc Localization and Comparative Class Activation Map-Based Analysis
    (MDPI AG, 2026-06-24)
    Ramos-Soto, Oscar
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    Perez-Zarate, Ezequiel
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    Ramos-Frutos, Jorge
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    Oliva, Diego
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    Pérez-Cisneros, Marco
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    Electronic Voting System Using an Enterprise Blockchain
    (2022)
    Camilo Denis González
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    Daniel Frias Mena
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    Alexi Massó Muñoz
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    Guillermo Sosa-Gómez
    <jats:p>Conventional electronic voting systems use a centralized scheme. A central administration of these systems manages the entire voting process and has partial or total control over the database and the system itself. This creates some problems, accidental or intentional, such as possible manipulation of the database and double voting. Many of these problems have been solved thanks to permissionless blockchain technologies in new voting systems; however, the classic consensus method of such blockchains requires specific computing power during each voting operation. This has a significant impact on power consumption, compromises the efficiency and increases the system latency. However, using a permissioned blockchain improves efficiency and reduces system energy consumption, mainly due to the elimination of the typical consensus protocols used by public blockchains. The use of smart contracts provides a secure mechanism to guarantee the accuracy of the voting result and make the counting procedure public and protected against fraudulent actions, and contributes to preserving the anonymity of the votes. Its adoption in electronic voting systems can help mitigate part of these problems. Therefore, this paper proposes a system that ensures high reliability by applying enterprise blockchain technology to electronic voting, securing the secret ballot. In addition, a flexible network configuration is presented, discussing how the solution addresses some of the security and reliability issues commonly faced by electronic voting system solutions.</jats:p>
      2  14Scopus© Citations 64
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    Market Shares Are Not Zipf-Distributed
    (2013)
    Buendia Zamudio, Fernando
    ;
    Reynoso, Josue
      2  5
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      1Scopus© Citations 10  20